TEST 2026 FULL SOLUTION QUESTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ PCO2. Answer: 35-45
◉ HCO3. Answer: 22-26
◉ PO2. Answer: 80-100%
◉ SaO2. Answer: 96-100%
◉ BUN. Answer: 8-25
◉ Creatinine. Answer: 0.5-1
Waste product filtered out by kidneys
◉ Total cholesterol. Answer: under 200
◉ HDL. Answer: 30-70
Good cholesterol
,◉ LDL
Bad cholesterol. Answer: less than 130
◉ Triglycerides. Answer: under 200
Type of lipid that circulates in blood
High amount- increase risk heart disease and stroke
◉ protein. Answer: 6-8
◉ albumin. Answer: 3.5-5
-checks liver and kidney function
- high=dehydration, diarrhea
-low=kidney/liver disease, infection, inflammation
◉ amylase. Answer: 25-151
Enzyme helps digest carbs
◉ lipase. Answer: 10-140
Enzyme made in pancreas that break down fats
High- problem w prancers
,◉ ammonia. Answer: 10-80
Toxic waste product made during protein digestion
High- liver disease, kidney failure, genetic disorder, Reyes
◉ ALT/AST. Answer: 10-40
◉ Bilirubin. Answer: total less then 1.5
◉ glucose. Answer: 70-100
◉ A1C. Answer: under 6%
Average blood sugar over 3 months
◉ hemoglobin. Answer: woman 12-15, male 14-16
◉ hematocrit. Answer: female 35-45% male 40-50%
◉ platelets. Answer: 150,000-400,000
◉ aPTT. Answer: 20-30 seconds
◉ PT. Answer: 9-11 seconds
, ◉ INR. Answer: 1 (with warfarin 2-3)
◉ K. Answer: 3.5-5.0: intracellular, neuromuscular/muscular
contraction, regulated by kidney.
o Foods: avocado, potatoes, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes, raisins
o NEVER GIVEN IV PUSH, IM, SUBQ, max infusion 10 mEq/hr, K can
cause phlebitis=assess IV site frequently, assess renal function
before administering, monitor I&O
o High/low=impacted heart rhythm, and muscle function w/ leg
cramping
o High d/t: K retaining diuretics, CRF, Addison's, tissue damage- if
CRF=Kayexalate, IV glucose with insulin, Ca, dialysis, avoid salt
substitutes
o Low d/t diuretics/corticosteroids, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction,
CRF, -no supplements on empty stomach
o Hypo=st depression Hyper=Tall T waves
◉ Na. Answer: 135-145: extracellular, regulates cell size and
osmosis, maintains water balance, nerve impulses, muscle
contraction, BP, blood volume, regulates acid-base balance, regulated
by salt intake, aldosterone, urinary output
o Hyponatremia: d/t burns, diarrhea, HF, diuretics, vomiting,
diaphoresis, CRF, SIADH, ^BS *Lithium Tox!