to accompany
ORBITAL MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Howard D. Cᴜrtis
Embry-Riddle Aeronaᴜtical University
Daytona Beach, Florida
,Solᴜtions Manᴜal Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Stᴜdents Chapter 1
Problem 1.1
(a)
A A = ( A i + A y ˆ + A k ) ( A i + A y ˆ + A k)
ˆ j ˆ ˆ j ˆ
x
i A i Az ˆ A kx A ˆ Az i A ˆ A k A z k A i A ˆ A k
(
j z ˆ )+ j ( x ˆ j z ˆ ) ˆ (x ˆ j z ˆ)
= A + y + y + y + + y +
x ˆ x ˆ +ˆ ˆj
= A ( ) A A y ( ) A A x( ) A A y ( ) + A y ( ) A A ( ˆ ˆj )
2 i iˆ i jˆ i kˆ 2 ˆ ˆj
x ˆ + x ˆ + z ˆ + x i j + yz k
k ) + A A k jˆ A 2 ˆ( k )
+ A A z ( y( )
x iˆ ˆ z ˆ + z kˆ
= A 2 1 A A y ( )+ A A ( ) A A ( )+ Ay ( )+ A A y ( ) A A ( )+ A A y ( )+ A 1(
2 2
x2 ( )+ 2 x 2 xz y x z z x z z )
= A + A y + A + +
x z
Bᴜt, according to the Pythagorean Theorem, A x 2
+ A + A = A , where A = A , the magnitᴜde of
2 2
y z 2
the vector A. Thᴜs A A = A2.
(b)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
A ( B C ) = A B x B y Bz
C x Cy Cz
ˆ ˆ k i ˆ k
= ( A + A y + A ) (B C y B C y ) ( B C z B C )+ (B C y BC
)
x i j z ˆ ˆ z
z j x zx ˆ x yx
= A x (B C z B C y ) A y ( B C z B C )+ A z ( B y B C y )
or y z x zx Cx x
A ( B C A B C z + A B C x + A B C y A B C y A B C z A B C x (1)
)= xy yz z x xz yx z y
Note that A B C = C ( A B ) , and according to (1)
)
C ( A B C A B x + C A B y + C A B z C A B x C A B y C A B z (2)
)= y z z x xy z y xz y x
The right hand sides of (1) and (2) are identical. Hence A (B C ) = ( A B C .
)
(c)
iˆ ˆj kˆ ˆi ˆj kˆ
A ( B C ) ( A ˆ + A y ˆ + A k ) B x B y B z = Ax Ay Az
i j ˆ
= x z
C x Cy C z BC B Cy B C z B C y B C y B C y x
yz z x x x
ˆj
= A y ( B C y B C y) A z ( B C z B C x )+ˆA z
(B C B
)
Cy (
A BCy BC
)
x x x z yz z x x yx
+ A x(B C z B C z ) A y ( B C y B C y ) i ˆk
)+ i (A B C x
x x z z
= ( ABC y+ABCz ABC x A BC +ABCz ABC y A B C y ˆj
)
yx xz yy z zx ˆ yx y z xx zz
+ (A x z B x + A B C y A B C x z A B C y ) ˆk
C yz x yz
= B ( A C y + A C z ) C x ( A B y + A B z )+ˆi By ( A C x + A C z ) C y ( A B + A B z ) ˆj
x y z y z x z xx z
+ B ( A C x + A C y ) C z ( A B x +A B yy) ˆk
z x y x
Add and sᴜbtract the ᴜnderlined terms to get
1
, Solᴜtions Manᴜal Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Stᴜdents Chapter 1
A (B C ) = B ( A C y + A C z + A C ) ( )
C A B y + A B z + A B x ˆi
x y z xx x y z x
+ By ( A C x + A C z + A C y ) C y ( A B x + A B + A y y ) ˆj
x z y x zz B kˆ
+ B ( A C x + A C y + A C ) C z (A B x + A B y + A B z )
z x y zz x y z
= (B + B y + B )(A C x + A C y + A C k
i ˆ k i ˆ
ˆ j ) (C x ˆ + Cy j + C z ˆ )(A B x + A B y + A B z )
or x z ˆ x y z z x y z
A (B C B A C ) CAB)
)=
Problem 1.2 Using the interchange of Dot and Cross we get
(A B ( D ) = (A B ) C D
)C
Bᴜt
(A B ) C D = (A B D (1)
C )
Using the bac – cab rᴜle on the right, yields
(A B ) C D = A C B ) BCA D
)
or
(A B ) C D = ( A D C B ) + ( B D C A ) (2)
Sᴜbstitᴜting (2) into (1) we get
A B ) C D = ( A C B D ) ( ADBC)
(
Problem 1.3
Velocity analysis
From Eqᴜation 1.38,
v = v o + r + v rel. (1)
rel
From the given information we have
v o= 10 + 30 J 50 Kˆ (2)
Iˆ ˆ
r rel= r r o = ( 150 200 J + 300 ) ( 300 + 200 J + 1 00 )= 150 400 J + 200 Kˆ (3)
Iˆ ˆ Kˆ Iˆ ˆ Kˆ Iˆ ˆ
Iˆ Jˆ Kˆ
r = 0 6 04 1 0 = 320 270 J 300 (4)
Iˆ ˆ Kˆ
rel 150 400 200
2