BIOS 251 Exam 2: Anatomy and Physiology I Questions and Answers
and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone matrix?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes
D. Osteogenic cells
Answer: A
Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix to
release calcium into the bloodstream.
2. The structural unit of compact bone is called the:
A. Trabeculae
B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lacuna
Answer: B
Explanation: The osteon (or Haversian system) is the basic functional and structural unit
of compact bone.
,3. Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too low?
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer: D
Explanation: PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands to stimulate osteoclast activity and
increase blood calcium levels.
4. The connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone is
the:
A. Endosteum
B. Perichondrium
C. Articular cartilage
D. Periosteum
Answer: D
Explanation: The periosteum is the double-layered membrane that covers and nourishes
the outer surface of the bone.
5. Yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of:
A. Adipose tissue
B. Hematopoietic tissue
, C. Compact bone
D. Elastic cartilage
Answer: A
Explanation: Yellow marrow consists mainly of fat cells (adipose tissue) and serves as an
energy reserve.
6. Which type of bone formation involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage
model?
A. Intramembranous ossification
B. Interstitial growth
C. Appositional growth
D. Endochondral ossification
Answer: D
Explanation: Endochondral ossification is the process where hyaline cartilage is replaced
by bone, forming most bones of the skeleton.
7. The epiphyseal plate is responsible for:
A. Bone width growth
B. Bone repair
C. Longitudinal bone growth
D. Calcium storage
Answer: C
and Explanations | Latest Chamberlain
1. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption of bone matrix?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes
D. Osteogenic cells
Answer: A
Explanation: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix to
release calcium into the bloodstream.
2. The structural unit of compact bone is called the:
A. Trabeculae
B. Osteon
C. Canaliculus
D. Lacuna
Answer: B
Explanation: The osteon (or Haversian system) is the basic functional and structural unit
of compact bone.
,3. Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too low?
A. Calcitonin
B. Insulin
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Answer: D
Explanation: PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands to stimulate osteoclast activity and
increase blood calcium levels.
4. The connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone is
the:
A. Endosteum
B. Perichondrium
C. Articular cartilage
D. Periosteum
Answer: D
Explanation: The periosteum is the double-layered membrane that covers and nourishes
the outer surface of the bone.
5. Yellow bone marrow is primarily composed of:
A. Adipose tissue
B. Hematopoietic tissue
, C. Compact bone
D. Elastic cartilage
Answer: A
Explanation: Yellow marrow consists mainly of fat cells (adipose tissue) and serves as an
energy reserve.
6. Which type of bone formation involves the replacement of a hyaline cartilage
model?
A. Intramembranous ossification
B. Interstitial growth
C. Appositional growth
D. Endochondral ossification
Answer: D
Explanation: Endochondral ossification is the process where hyaline cartilage is replaced
by bone, forming most bones of the skeleton.
7. The epiphyseal plate is responsible for:
A. Bone width growth
B. Bone repair
C. Longitudinal bone growth
D. Calcium storage
Answer: C
