LIFE 103 EXAM 1 CSU ACTUAL TEST PAPER
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ thermal inertia. Answer: resistance to temp change
⩥ water's high heat of vaporization. Answer: large number of hydrogen
bonds must be broken to evaporate water; when water evaporates heat is
carried away with it -> sweating/panting cools animals; to raise water
from 100 to 101 degrees C takes about 540 calories
⩥ water's high heat of fusion (melting). Answer: to raise water from -2
to -1 degrees C, takes about 1 calorie (still ice); to raise water from 0 to
1 degree C, takes about 80 calories;
ice is used for cooling because ice at 0 degrees keeps stuff much colder
and much longer than water at 1 degree (because we're dealing with state
changes); ice isn't used for cooling because it is cold, but because it
ABSORBS so much heat before it changes temp itself
⩥ frozen water is less dense than liquid water. Answer: bodies of water
freeze top down; ice acts as an insulator; melting ice draws heat from the
environment;
has to do with hydrogen bonds; ice has fewer H2O molecules because of
it's lattice form, making it less dense
,⩥ water has outstanding solvent properties. Answer: "universal" solvent;
in aqueous solution, water is the solvent; use molar concentrations to
describe the way in which materials are dissolved in solvents
⩥ hydrophilic. Answer: compounds that readily dissolve; polar
compounds; "water loving"
⩥ hydrophobic. Answer: compounds that don't dissolve or dissolve only
slightly; nonpolar compounds; tend to clump with each other;
important when it comes to creating barriers (i.e. separate internal and
external content of cells)
⩥ ionic compounds ____ in water. Answer: dissociate (creates hydrated
anions and hydrated cations);
cation attracted to negative (O) end of H2O;
anion attracted to positive (H2) end of H2O
⩥ water serves as the basic transport medium. Answer: where nutrients,
ions, hormones, etc are dissolved; 80% of plasma is water
, ⩥ cohesion of water. Answer: H bonds hold water molecules tightly
together; water to water interaction; water molecules stick to each other;
flows freely
⩥ adhesion of water. Answer: stickiness of water for other materials; H
bonds form between water and other polar materials; coats or wets a
surface
⩥ plants rely on _____ and _____ properties to get their needs met.
Answer: cohesion and adhesion (to draw water up their roots)
⩥ high surface tension of water. Answer: water molecules at the surface
hold more tightly than those below; forms "invisible skin"; allows things
that are small and nonpolar to sit on top of water/float (because of the
way water molecules interact with each other)
⩥ water has the tendency to undergo ionization. Answer: H2O -> (H+) +
(OH-); does this spontaneously; very small number of covalent bonds in
water molecules spontaneously break and form ions; in distilled (pure)
water, moles of H+ ion and OH- ion in concentration are =
⩥ acids. Answer: dissociate in water to release hydrogen ions (H+); sour
to taste;
2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ thermal inertia. Answer: resistance to temp change
⩥ water's high heat of vaporization. Answer: large number of hydrogen
bonds must be broken to evaporate water; when water evaporates heat is
carried away with it -> sweating/panting cools animals; to raise water
from 100 to 101 degrees C takes about 540 calories
⩥ water's high heat of fusion (melting). Answer: to raise water from -2
to -1 degrees C, takes about 1 calorie (still ice); to raise water from 0 to
1 degree C, takes about 80 calories;
ice is used for cooling because ice at 0 degrees keeps stuff much colder
and much longer than water at 1 degree (because we're dealing with state
changes); ice isn't used for cooling because it is cold, but because it
ABSORBS so much heat before it changes temp itself
⩥ frozen water is less dense than liquid water. Answer: bodies of water
freeze top down; ice acts as an insulator; melting ice draws heat from the
environment;
has to do with hydrogen bonds; ice has fewer H2O molecules because of
it's lattice form, making it less dense
,⩥ water has outstanding solvent properties. Answer: "universal" solvent;
in aqueous solution, water is the solvent; use molar concentrations to
describe the way in which materials are dissolved in solvents
⩥ hydrophilic. Answer: compounds that readily dissolve; polar
compounds; "water loving"
⩥ hydrophobic. Answer: compounds that don't dissolve or dissolve only
slightly; nonpolar compounds; tend to clump with each other;
important when it comes to creating barriers (i.e. separate internal and
external content of cells)
⩥ ionic compounds ____ in water. Answer: dissociate (creates hydrated
anions and hydrated cations);
cation attracted to negative (O) end of H2O;
anion attracted to positive (H2) end of H2O
⩥ water serves as the basic transport medium. Answer: where nutrients,
ions, hormones, etc are dissolved; 80% of plasma is water
, ⩥ cohesion of water. Answer: H bonds hold water molecules tightly
together; water to water interaction; water molecules stick to each other;
flows freely
⩥ adhesion of water. Answer: stickiness of water for other materials; H
bonds form between water and other polar materials; coats or wets a
surface
⩥ plants rely on _____ and _____ properties to get their needs met.
Answer: cohesion and adhesion (to draw water up their roots)
⩥ high surface tension of water. Answer: water molecules at the surface
hold more tightly than those below; forms "invisible skin"; allows things
that are small and nonpolar to sit on top of water/float (because of the
way water molecules interact with each other)
⩥ water has the tendency to undergo ionization. Answer: H2O -> (H+) +
(OH-); does this spontaneously; very small number of covalent bonds in
water molecules spontaneously break and form ions; in distilled (pure)
water, moles of H+ ion and OH- ion in concentration are =
⩥ acids. Answer: dissociate in water to release hydrogen ions (H+); sour
to taste;
