PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION
ENGINEERING 9TH EDITION BRAJA DAS
NAGARATNAM SIVAKUGAN SOLUTIONS
MANUAL ALL CHAPTERS 100% ORIGINAL
VERIFIED A+ ACTUAL EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⫸ Consistency. Answer: Used to describe the degree of firmness of soil.
⫸ Cohesion. Answer: The attraction of one water molecule to another
resulting from hydrogen bonding (water-water bond).
⫸ Adhesion. Answer: The attraction of a water molecule to a non-water
molecule (water-solid bond).
⫸ Stickiness. Answer: The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects,
estimated at moisture content that displays maximum adherence between
thumb and forefinger.
⫸ Rupture Resistance. Answer: A field measure of the ability of the soil
to withstand an applied stress or pressure as applied using the thumb and
forefinger.
,⫸ Liquid Limit. Answer: The moisture content in percent required to
close a distance of 12.7mm along the bottom of the groove after 25
blows.
⫸ Cup Method To Determine Liquid Limit. Answer: The device used in
this method consists of a brass cup and a hard rubber. The brass cup is
dropped onto the base by a cam operated by a crank.
⫸ Plastic Limit. Answer: The moisture content at which the transition
from Semi-Solid to Plastic state occurs.
⫸ Shrinkage Limit. Answer: The moisture content at which the
transition from Solid to Semi-Solid takes place, defined as the moisture
content at which no further volume change occurs with further reduction
in moisture content.
⫸ Void Ratio. Answer: The ratio of the volume of void space to the
volume of solid substance.
⫸ Porosity. Answer: The ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of
the soil sample or specimen.
⫸ Degree of Saturation. Answer: The ratio of the volume of water in the
void spaces to the volume of the voids, expressed as a percentage
ranging from 0 to 100.
, ⫸ Moisture Content. Answer: The ratio of weight of water to the weight
of solids in a given volume of soil.
⫸ Unit Weight. Answer: The weight of soil per unit volume.
⫸ Dry Unit Weight. Answer: The weight per unit volume of soil,
excluding water.
⫸ Saturated Unit Weight. Answer: The bulk unit weight of a soil when
it is 100 percent saturated.
⫸ Bulk Unit Weight. Answer: The total weight divided by the total
volume, also known as total, wet or moist unit weight.
⫸ Critical Hydraulic Gradient. Answer: The hydraulic gradient that
brings a soil (essentially, coarse-grained soils) to static liquefaction.
⫸ Density. Answer: The ratio of the total mass to the total volume of a
unit of soil.
⫸ Dry Density. Answer: The ratio of the mass of the solids (soil grains)
to the total unit volume of soil.
⫸ Submerged Density. Answer: Also known as buoyant density; the
difference between the total density and the density of water.
ENGINEERING 9TH EDITION BRAJA DAS
NAGARATNAM SIVAKUGAN SOLUTIONS
MANUAL ALL CHAPTERS 100% ORIGINAL
VERIFIED A+ ACTUAL EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⫸ Consistency. Answer: Used to describe the degree of firmness of soil.
⫸ Cohesion. Answer: The attraction of one water molecule to another
resulting from hydrogen bonding (water-water bond).
⫸ Adhesion. Answer: The attraction of a water molecule to a non-water
molecule (water-solid bond).
⫸ Stickiness. Answer: The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects,
estimated at moisture content that displays maximum adherence between
thumb and forefinger.
⫸ Rupture Resistance. Answer: A field measure of the ability of the soil
to withstand an applied stress or pressure as applied using the thumb and
forefinger.
,⫸ Liquid Limit. Answer: The moisture content in percent required to
close a distance of 12.7mm along the bottom of the groove after 25
blows.
⫸ Cup Method To Determine Liquid Limit. Answer: The device used in
this method consists of a brass cup and a hard rubber. The brass cup is
dropped onto the base by a cam operated by a crank.
⫸ Plastic Limit. Answer: The moisture content at which the transition
from Semi-Solid to Plastic state occurs.
⫸ Shrinkage Limit. Answer: The moisture content at which the
transition from Solid to Semi-Solid takes place, defined as the moisture
content at which no further volume change occurs with further reduction
in moisture content.
⫸ Void Ratio. Answer: The ratio of the volume of void space to the
volume of solid substance.
⫸ Porosity. Answer: The ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of
the soil sample or specimen.
⫸ Degree of Saturation. Answer: The ratio of the volume of water in the
void spaces to the volume of the voids, expressed as a percentage
ranging from 0 to 100.
, ⫸ Moisture Content. Answer: The ratio of weight of water to the weight
of solids in a given volume of soil.
⫸ Unit Weight. Answer: The weight of soil per unit volume.
⫸ Dry Unit Weight. Answer: The weight per unit volume of soil,
excluding water.
⫸ Saturated Unit Weight. Answer: The bulk unit weight of a soil when
it is 100 percent saturated.
⫸ Bulk Unit Weight. Answer: The total weight divided by the total
volume, also known as total, wet or moist unit weight.
⫸ Critical Hydraulic Gradient. Answer: The hydraulic gradient that
brings a soil (essentially, coarse-grained soils) to static liquefaction.
⫸ Density. Answer: The ratio of the total mass to the total volume of a
unit of soil.
⫸ Dry Density. Answer: The ratio of the mass of the solids (soil grains)
to the total unit volume of soil.
⫸ Submerged Density. Answer: Also known as buoyant density; the
difference between the total density and the density of water.
