FPCC – Exam 3 – 2026 – Study Guide and
Practice Material
Abductor pillow - ANS✔✔ edge shaped pillow between the patient's legs, *used to prevent
internal hip rotation and hip abduction*
Used after femoral fracture, hip fracture, or surgery.
Two point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *partial weight bearing*, use both feet. This is faster, but offers
less support than the four point.
The foot opposite of the crutch goes forward, so advance left foot along with right crutch, then
right foot along with left crutch simultaneously.
Three point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *non-weight bearing*. Faster than a four-point gait. Can use
with walker.
Injured leg must be kept off the ground. Advance crutches, then advance good leg.
Four point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *Partial weight bearing*, use both feet. Patient must shift
weight constantly.
*Offers the most support, but is also the slowest.*
Patient will advance the right crutch, then advance the left foot. Then advance the left crutch,
then advance the right foot. This is not done simultaneously.
,Logrolling - ANS✔✔ special turning technique used when the pt's spine must be kept in straight
alignment
You will need at least two nurses for this procedure, more if the patient is large. Logrolling
moves the patient's body as a unit. One nurse is positioned at the level of the patient's head.
The other staff members are distributed along the length of the patient. Everyone must move
the patient in unison.
Trapeze bar - ANS✔✔ Triangular- shaped device that is attached to an overhead bed frame. The
patient can use the base of the triangle as a grip bar to move up in bed, turn, and pull up in
preparation for getting out of bed or getting on & off the bed pan.
Trochanter rolls - ANS✔✔ made from tightly rolled towels, bath blankets, or foam pads. They
are placed snuggly adjacent to the hips & thighs *to prevent external rotation of the hips*
Transfer board - ANS✔✔ a wood or plastic device designed to assist with moving patients.
1. Place the board under the patient on the side in which he/she will be moved.
2. It is best to use a draw sheet to slide the patient across the board.
*Also used by patients with long-standing mobility problems to increase their independence*
Mechanical lift - ANS✔✔ hydraulic device used to transfer patients.
Place a fabric sling under the patient & attach chains or straps from the sling to the lifting
device.
-Especially useful when providing care for *obese & immobile patients.*
-Often seen in home care.
-Most position patients in a *seated position, ideal for sitting them in a chair.*
,-Some have the patient *supine, maybe to transfer patient from bed to stretcher, or have them
lifted up while we make their bed.*
Transfer belt - ANS✔✔ a heavy belt several inches wide that is used to *facilitate transfer or
provide a secure mechanism to hold the patient when ambulating*
-Apply belt *around patient's abdomen*, close to their center of gravity.
-The belt may have external grip holds, or you may grip the entire belt with your hand.
Active range of motion (AROM) - ANS✔✔ actively moving own extremity through ROM like
extension, flexion.
Want to encourage & teach clients to keep moving.
Passive range of motion (PROM) - ANS✔✔ movements of the joints through their range of
motion *by another person*
-support above & below the joint
-take joint to point where pt starts to feel resistance
-avoid pain. if pt feels pain, stop
-slow & gentle movements
-pts can perform by themselves. pt should be taught to promote independence/control
Continuous passive motion (CPM) - ANS✔✔ *device that repetitively but gently flexes &
extends the knee joint*
, the CPM machine is often used after knee replacement or other knee procedures to allow the
joint to improve range of motion, eliminate problem of stiffness, & prevent development of
adhesions which can limit motion further.
Both AROM & PROM improve ____ - ANS✔✔ joint mobility, increase circulation to the area
exercised, & help maintain function.
AROM also improves respiratory & cardiac function
Fowler's position - ANS✔✔ semi sitting position, head of the bed is elevated 45-60 degrees
Fowler's position promotes _____ & increases _____ - ANS✔✔ Promotes *respiratory function*
by lowering the diaphragm allowing the best chest expansion.
ideal for some patients with cardiac problems.
Semi-fowler's position - ANS✔✔ head of the bed is at *30 degrees.*
High-fowler's position - ANS✔✔ head of the bed is at *90 degrees.*
Orthopneic position - ANS✔✔ Head of the bed is at *90 degrees, and an over bed table with a
pillow on top is positioned in front of the patient*
-Have patient lean forward while resting his arms and head on the pillow.
-*This helps patients who are short of breath.*
Lateral position - ANS✔✔ side-lying position with the top hip and knee *flexed* and placed in
front of the rest of the body.
Practice Material
Abductor pillow - ANS✔✔ edge shaped pillow between the patient's legs, *used to prevent
internal hip rotation and hip abduction*
Used after femoral fracture, hip fracture, or surgery.
Two point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *partial weight bearing*, use both feet. This is faster, but offers
less support than the four point.
The foot opposite of the crutch goes forward, so advance left foot along with right crutch, then
right foot along with left crutch simultaneously.
Three point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *non-weight bearing*. Faster than a four-point gait. Can use
with walker.
Injured leg must be kept off the ground. Advance crutches, then advance good leg.
Four point crutch gait - ANS✔✔ *Partial weight bearing*, use both feet. Patient must shift
weight constantly.
*Offers the most support, but is also the slowest.*
Patient will advance the right crutch, then advance the left foot. Then advance the left crutch,
then advance the right foot. This is not done simultaneously.
,Logrolling - ANS✔✔ special turning technique used when the pt's spine must be kept in straight
alignment
You will need at least two nurses for this procedure, more if the patient is large. Logrolling
moves the patient's body as a unit. One nurse is positioned at the level of the patient's head.
The other staff members are distributed along the length of the patient. Everyone must move
the patient in unison.
Trapeze bar - ANS✔✔ Triangular- shaped device that is attached to an overhead bed frame. The
patient can use the base of the triangle as a grip bar to move up in bed, turn, and pull up in
preparation for getting out of bed or getting on & off the bed pan.
Trochanter rolls - ANS✔✔ made from tightly rolled towels, bath blankets, or foam pads. They
are placed snuggly adjacent to the hips & thighs *to prevent external rotation of the hips*
Transfer board - ANS✔✔ a wood or plastic device designed to assist with moving patients.
1. Place the board under the patient on the side in which he/she will be moved.
2. It is best to use a draw sheet to slide the patient across the board.
*Also used by patients with long-standing mobility problems to increase their independence*
Mechanical lift - ANS✔✔ hydraulic device used to transfer patients.
Place a fabric sling under the patient & attach chains or straps from the sling to the lifting
device.
-Especially useful when providing care for *obese & immobile patients.*
-Often seen in home care.
-Most position patients in a *seated position, ideal for sitting them in a chair.*
,-Some have the patient *supine, maybe to transfer patient from bed to stretcher, or have them
lifted up while we make their bed.*
Transfer belt - ANS✔✔ a heavy belt several inches wide that is used to *facilitate transfer or
provide a secure mechanism to hold the patient when ambulating*
-Apply belt *around patient's abdomen*, close to their center of gravity.
-The belt may have external grip holds, or you may grip the entire belt with your hand.
Active range of motion (AROM) - ANS✔✔ actively moving own extremity through ROM like
extension, flexion.
Want to encourage & teach clients to keep moving.
Passive range of motion (PROM) - ANS✔✔ movements of the joints through their range of
motion *by another person*
-support above & below the joint
-take joint to point where pt starts to feel resistance
-avoid pain. if pt feels pain, stop
-slow & gentle movements
-pts can perform by themselves. pt should be taught to promote independence/control
Continuous passive motion (CPM) - ANS✔✔ *device that repetitively but gently flexes &
extends the knee joint*
, the CPM machine is often used after knee replacement or other knee procedures to allow the
joint to improve range of motion, eliminate problem of stiffness, & prevent development of
adhesions which can limit motion further.
Both AROM & PROM improve ____ - ANS✔✔ joint mobility, increase circulation to the area
exercised, & help maintain function.
AROM also improves respiratory & cardiac function
Fowler's position - ANS✔✔ semi sitting position, head of the bed is elevated 45-60 degrees
Fowler's position promotes _____ & increases _____ - ANS✔✔ Promotes *respiratory function*
by lowering the diaphragm allowing the best chest expansion.
ideal for some patients with cardiac problems.
Semi-fowler's position - ANS✔✔ head of the bed is at *30 degrees.*
High-fowler's position - ANS✔✔ head of the bed is at *90 degrees.*
Orthopneic position - ANS✔✔ Head of the bed is at *90 degrees, and an over bed table with a
pillow on top is positioned in front of the patient*
-Have patient lean forward while resting his arms and head on the pillow.
-*This helps patients who are short of breath.*
Lateral position - ANS✔✔ side-lying position with the top hip and knee *flexed* and placed in
front of the rest of the body.
