FPCC – Exam 2 – Urinary Elimination – 2026 –
Nursing Study Guide and Review Notes
anuria - correct answer ✔✔ no urine is produced
bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔ bacteria in the urine
catheterization - correct answer ✔✔ introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to
inject or remove fluid
diuresis - correct answer ✔✔ increased urine formation
dysuria - correct answer ✔✔ pain or burning during urination
hematuria - correct answer ✔✔ abnormal presence of blood in the urine
hyperactive / overactive bladder - correct answer ✔✔ results from sudden, involuntary muscle
contraction of the muscles of the urinary bladder, resulting in urge to urinate
micturition - correct answer ✔✔ act of voiding
nocturia - correct answer ✔✔ urination at night/ can be a symptom of renal disease or drinking
too much before going to bed
oliguria - correct answer ✔✔ decreased urine output despite normal intake
polyuria - correct answer ✔✔ excessive output of urine
,proteinuria - correct answer ✔✔ presence of large proteins in the urine
pyelonephritis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the kidneys commonly caused by bacterial
infection that has spread up the urinary tract (UTIs)
residual urine - correct answer ✔✔ occurs if a patient has urinary retention or cannot empty
the bladder completely
urinary diversion - correct answer ✔✔ surgical formation that temporarily or permanently
bypasses the bladder and urethra as the exit routes for urine
urinary incontinence - correct answer ✔✔ involuntary leakage of urine that is sufficient to be a
problem
urinary retention - correct answer ✔✔ accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of the
bladder to empty properly
urosepsis - correct answer ✔✔ bacteria in the bloodstream
3 basic processes that occur in the kidneys - correct answer ✔✔ filtration, reabsorption,
excretion
normal urine output in 24 hours - correct answer ✔✔ 1500-2000 mLs
the bladder typically holds how many mLs of urine - correct answer ✔✔ 600-1000 mLs
, how much urine is needed in the bladder to signal the need to urinate? - correct answer ✔✔
150-200 mLs
what can cause the urge to void earlier than 200 mLs of urine in the bladder? - correct answer
✔✔ stress, infection, pregnancy
______________ and _____________ must relax before urine can exit the body - correct
answer ✔✔ the inner and outer sphincters
female patient may have a problem with ______ ____________ as a result of weakening of the
pelvic floor after childbearing - correct answer ✔✔ stress incontinence
increased sodium intake leads to __________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔ increased
caffeine and alcohol lead to ____________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔ increased
what are two basic interventions to encourage normal voiding in a stressed out patient - correct
answer ✔✔ privacy and time
prevent reabsorption of water - correct answer ✔✔ diuretics
______________ and _____________ may lead to urinary retention - correct answer ✔✔
antihistamines and anticholinergics
used to treat dysuria, this medication will turn the urine orange - correct answer ✔✔ pyridium
anesthesia and opioid analgesics can lead to __________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔
decreased
Nursing Study Guide and Review Notes
anuria - correct answer ✔✔ no urine is produced
bacteriuria - correct answer ✔✔ bacteria in the urine
catheterization - correct answer ✔✔ introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to
inject or remove fluid
diuresis - correct answer ✔✔ increased urine formation
dysuria - correct answer ✔✔ pain or burning during urination
hematuria - correct answer ✔✔ abnormal presence of blood in the urine
hyperactive / overactive bladder - correct answer ✔✔ results from sudden, involuntary muscle
contraction of the muscles of the urinary bladder, resulting in urge to urinate
micturition - correct answer ✔✔ act of voiding
nocturia - correct answer ✔✔ urination at night/ can be a symptom of renal disease or drinking
too much before going to bed
oliguria - correct answer ✔✔ decreased urine output despite normal intake
polyuria - correct answer ✔✔ excessive output of urine
,proteinuria - correct answer ✔✔ presence of large proteins in the urine
pyelonephritis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of the kidneys commonly caused by bacterial
infection that has spread up the urinary tract (UTIs)
residual urine - correct answer ✔✔ occurs if a patient has urinary retention or cannot empty
the bladder completely
urinary diversion - correct answer ✔✔ surgical formation that temporarily or permanently
bypasses the bladder and urethra as the exit routes for urine
urinary incontinence - correct answer ✔✔ involuntary leakage of urine that is sufficient to be a
problem
urinary retention - correct answer ✔✔ accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of the
bladder to empty properly
urosepsis - correct answer ✔✔ bacteria in the bloodstream
3 basic processes that occur in the kidneys - correct answer ✔✔ filtration, reabsorption,
excretion
normal urine output in 24 hours - correct answer ✔✔ 1500-2000 mLs
the bladder typically holds how many mLs of urine - correct answer ✔✔ 600-1000 mLs
, how much urine is needed in the bladder to signal the need to urinate? - correct answer ✔✔
150-200 mLs
what can cause the urge to void earlier than 200 mLs of urine in the bladder? - correct answer
✔✔ stress, infection, pregnancy
______________ and _____________ must relax before urine can exit the body - correct
answer ✔✔ the inner and outer sphincters
female patient may have a problem with ______ ____________ as a result of weakening of the
pelvic floor after childbearing - correct answer ✔✔ stress incontinence
increased sodium intake leads to __________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔ increased
caffeine and alcohol lead to ____________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔ increased
what are two basic interventions to encourage normal voiding in a stressed out patient - correct
answer ✔✔ privacy and time
prevent reabsorption of water - correct answer ✔✔ diuretics
______________ and _____________ may lead to urinary retention - correct answer ✔✔
antihistamines and anticholinergics
used to treat dysuria, this medication will turn the urine orange - correct answer ✔✔ pyridium
anesthesia and opioid analgesics can lead to __________ urine output - correct answer ✔✔
decreased
