Part 1
Engels
0 Introduction
1 The alphabet
/ : slash
- : dach
_ : underscore
@: at
‘ : apostrophe
2 Plural nouns
General rule: noun +s
Vb. One girl – two girls
Exceptions:
Hissing sound (s,sh,x,tch,ch) +es
Vb. Wish – wisces
Nouns ending in ‘o’ +es/ +s
1
,Part 1
Vb. Hero – heroes
Nouns ending in ‘y’ ies/ +s
Vb. Party – parties
Nouns ending in ‘f’ ves/ +s
Vb. Wolf – wolves
Irregular forms:
Woman – women
Thesis – theses
Mouse – mice
Phenomenon – phenomena
Series – series
… (p. 24-25)
3 Saxon genitive/ of-pattern
3.1 Saxon genitive
Structure:
Singular noun: +’s
Vb. The girl’s books
Plural noun ending in -s: +’
Vb. The girls’ books
Plural noun not ending in -s: +’s
Vb. The woman’s books
Name ending in -s: +’s
Vb. James’s books
Famous people, classical names; +’
Vb. Dickens’ novels
Use:
- to show a relationship of a person to something or someone
2
,Part 1
Vb. Eric’s bike
- words like ‘someone and nobody’
Vb. Someone’s passport
- with animals
Vb. The dog’s fur
- with a group of people or with a place where people live
Vb. The company’s rules
- expressions of time
Vb. Last year’s plans
3.2 Of-pattern
Structure:
Of- pattern synonym
The cover of the album The album cover
The door of the car The car door
The Queen of England The Englisch Queen
Use:
- indicate possession for things
Vb. The name of the book
3.3 The double genitive
Structure:
- Combines the Saxon genitive and the of-pattern
Vb. A friend of my sister’s
- With a pronoun
Vb. a friend of mine
Use:
- It’s preferred by native speakers
3
, Part 1
4 Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives
Use:
- Describe nouns
Vb. Alice is a really smart girl (girl= noun)
- Describe pronouns
Vb. She’s helpful and kind (she = pronoun)
- Describe people
Vb. Alice is friendly (Alice = person)
Structure:
Ending in -ing
describe what we are reacting to (outside us)
Vb. I found her comments quite surprising.
Ending in -ed
describe our feelings (inside us)
vb. I was surprised by her comments
ending in -ly
must not be confused with adverb
vb. She was friendly
Can be used in their superlative form when comparing two things
vb. Google is more popular than Yahoo
Can be used in their superlative form when comparing one thing with all
the others
Vb. Microsoft office is the most popular computer software
Adverb
Use:
- Describe verbs
4
Engels
0 Introduction
1 The alphabet
/ : slash
- : dach
_ : underscore
@: at
‘ : apostrophe
2 Plural nouns
General rule: noun +s
Vb. One girl – two girls
Exceptions:
Hissing sound (s,sh,x,tch,ch) +es
Vb. Wish – wisces
Nouns ending in ‘o’ +es/ +s
1
,Part 1
Vb. Hero – heroes
Nouns ending in ‘y’ ies/ +s
Vb. Party – parties
Nouns ending in ‘f’ ves/ +s
Vb. Wolf – wolves
Irregular forms:
Woman – women
Thesis – theses
Mouse – mice
Phenomenon – phenomena
Series – series
… (p. 24-25)
3 Saxon genitive/ of-pattern
3.1 Saxon genitive
Structure:
Singular noun: +’s
Vb. The girl’s books
Plural noun ending in -s: +’
Vb. The girls’ books
Plural noun not ending in -s: +’s
Vb. The woman’s books
Name ending in -s: +’s
Vb. James’s books
Famous people, classical names; +’
Vb. Dickens’ novels
Use:
- to show a relationship of a person to something or someone
2
,Part 1
Vb. Eric’s bike
- words like ‘someone and nobody’
Vb. Someone’s passport
- with animals
Vb. The dog’s fur
- with a group of people or with a place where people live
Vb. The company’s rules
- expressions of time
Vb. Last year’s plans
3.2 Of-pattern
Structure:
Of- pattern synonym
The cover of the album The album cover
The door of the car The car door
The Queen of England The Englisch Queen
Use:
- indicate possession for things
Vb. The name of the book
3.3 The double genitive
Structure:
- Combines the Saxon genitive and the of-pattern
Vb. A friend of my sister’s
- With a pronoun
Vb. a friend of mine
Use:
- It’s preferred by native speakers
3
, Part 1
4 Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives
Use:
- Describe nouns
Vb. Alice is a really smart girl (girl= noun)
- Describe pronouns
Vb. She’s helpful and kind (she = pronoun)
- Describe people
Vb. Alice is friendly (Alice = person)
Structure:
Ending in -ing
describe what we are reacting to (outside us)
Vb. I found her comments quite surprising.
Ending in -ed
describe our feelings (inside us)
vb. I was surprised by her comments
ending in -ly
must not be confused with adverb
vb. She was friendly
Can be used in their superlative form when comparing two things
vb. Google is more popular than Yahoo
Can be used in their superlative form when comparing one thing with all
the others
Vb. Microsoft office is the most popular computer software
Adverb
Use:
- Describe verbs
4
