Test Bank For Counseling and Psychotherapy
Theories in Context and Practice (3rd edition)
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Approaches
Chapter 3: Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy
Chapter 4: Existential Theory and Therapy
Chapter 5: Person-Centered Theory and Therapy
Chapter 6: Gestalt Theory and Therapy
Chapter 7: Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 8: Cognitive Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 9: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy
Chapter 10: Feminist Theory and Therapy
Chapter 11: Constructive Theory and Therapy
Chapter 12: Family Systems Theory and Therapy
Chapter 13: Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills
Chapter 14: Psychotherapy and Counseling Integration
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Question 1
In comparing the definitions of "counseling" and "psychotherapy," Sommers-Flanagan and
Sommers-Flanagan suggest that the primary distinction is not in the behaviors
themselves, but in the:
A. Qualitative nature of the techniques used.
B. Legal licensure requirements of the practitioner.
C. Quantitative emphasis on depth, duration, and directiveness.
D. Academic level of the practitioner's degree.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The authors argue that counseling and psychotherapy are qualitatively
the same, involving the same basic processes. The difference is quantitative;
psychotherapy often involves longer duration, more depth regarding personality,
and may be less directive, whereas counseling is often shorter-term and more
focused on developmental or adjustment issues.
Question 2
A practitioner who views a client's psychological distress as a "chemical imbalance"
requiring somatic intervention is operating from which historical perspective of human
distress?
A. The Religious/Spiritual Perspective
B. The Psychosocial Perspective
C. The Biomedical Perspective
D. The Multicultural/Feminist Perspective
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The biomedical perspective focuses on biological or physical origins of
distress. Historically, this ranged from ancient practices like trephining (to release
spirits through physical brain intervention) to modern psychopharmacology and the
medical model of mental illness.
Question 3
, Hans Eysenck’s 1952 report on the efficacy of psychotherapy is considered a "watershed
moment" in the field primarily because it:
A. Proved that psychoanalysis was superior to behavioral therapy.
B. Challenged the field by claiming that psychotherapy was no more effective than the
mere passage of time.
C. Validated the common factors model using meta-analysis.
D. Established the first set of ethical guidelines for research.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eysenck’s controversial report claimed that there was an inverse
correlation between recovery and psychotherapy, suggesting two-thirds of patients
improved on their own. While his methodology was later criticized, it served as a
catalyst for the field to develop rigorous scientific methods to prove the efficacy of
therapy.
Question 4
The landmark 1977 meta-analysis by Smith and Glass provided a robust rebuttal to Eysenck
by finding that the average treated client was better off than what percentage of untreated
control participants?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 95%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smith and Glass used meta-analysis to synthesize hundreds of studies,
finding an effect size of 0.68. This indicated that the average person receiving
treatment was better off than 75% of those in the untreated control group, providing
strong evidence for the general effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Question 5
According to Lambert’s (1992) model of common factors, which factor accounts for the
largest percentage (40%) of client improvement?
A. Specific techniques unique to a theory
Theories in Context and Practice (3rd edition)
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Chapter 2: Psychoanalytic Approaches
Chapter 3: Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy
Chapter 4: Existential Theory and Therapy
Chapter 5: Person-Centered Theory and Therapy
Chapter 6: Gestalt Theory and Therapy
Chapter 7: Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 8: Cognitive Behavioral Theory and Therapy
Chapter 9: Choice Theory and Reality Therapy
Chapter 10: Feminist Theory and Therapy
Chapter 11: Constructive Theory and Therapy
Chapter 12: Family Systems Theory and Therapy
Chapter 13: Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills
Chapter 14: Psychotherapy and Counseling Integration
,Chapter 1: Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction
Question 1
In comparing the definitions of "counseling" and "psychotherapy," Sommers-Flanagan and
Sommers-Flanagan suggest that the primary distinction is not in the behaviors
themselves, but in the:
A. Qualitative nature of the techniques used.
B. Legal licensure requirements of the practitioner.
C. Quantitative emphasis on depth, duration, and directiveness.
D. Academic level of the practitioner's degree.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The authors argue that counseling and psychotherapy are qualitatively
the same, involving the same basic processes. The difference is quantitative;
psychotherapy often involves longer duration, more depth regarding personality,
and may be less directive, whereas counseling is often shorter-term and more
focused on developmental or adjustment issues.
Question 2
A practitioner who views a client's psychological distress as a "chemical imbalance"
requiring somatic intervention is operating from which historical perspective of human
distress?
A. The Religious/Spiritual Perspective
B. The Psychosocial Perspective
C. The Biomedical Perspective
D. The Multicultural/Feminist Perspective
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The biomedical perspective focuses on biological or physical origins of
distress. Historically, this ranged from ancient practices like trephining (to release
spirits through physical brain intervention) to modern psychopharmacology and the
medical model of mental illness.
Question 3
, Hans Eysenck’s 1952 report on the efficacy of psychotherapy is considered a "watershed
moment" in the field primarily because it:
A. Proved that psychoanalysis was superior to behavioral therapy.
B. Challenged the field by claiming that psychotherapy was no more effective than the
mere passage of time.
C. Validated the common factors model using meta-analysis.
D. Established the first set of ethical guidelines for research.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eysenck’s controversial report claimed that there was an inverse
correlation between recovery and psychotherapy, suggesting two-thirds of patients
improved on their own. While his methodology was later criticized, it served as a
catalyst for the field to develop rigorous scientific methods to prove the efficacy of
therapy.
Question 4
The landmark 1977 meta-analysis by Smith and Glass provided a robust rebuttal to Eysenck
by finding that the average treated client was better off than what percentage of untreated
control participants?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 95%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smith and Glass used meta-analysis to synthesize hundreds of studies,
finding an effect size of 0.68. This indicated that the average person receiving
treatment was better off than 75% of those in the untreated control group, providing
strong evidence for the general effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Question 5
According to Lambert’s (1992) model of common factors, which factor accounts for the
largest percentage (40%) of client improvement?
A. Specific techniques unique to a theory
