APES Unit 7 Review Exam with 100%
Correct Solutions
primary pollutants - ANS-pollutants that are released directly into the lower atmosphere.
secondary pollutants - ANS-pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary
pollutants in the atmosphere.
what kind of air pollutants does the combustion of coal release? - ANS-carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide, toxic metals and particulates
the combustion of fossil fuels release what air pollutants? - ANS-nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter
what impacts does nitrogen dioxides have on air pollution? - ANS-nitrogen dioxides lead
to the production of ozone, formation of photochemical smog and convert to nitric acid
in the atmosphere, causing acid rain
sulfur oxides - ANS-(SOx) Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary
effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods
include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel.
nitrogen oxides - ANS-(NOx) Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary
effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone.
Reduced using catalytic converters.
how can photochemical smog be reduced? - ANS-through the reduction of nitrogen
oxide and VOCs
human health impacts of photochemical smog - ANS-respiratory problems and eye
irritation
acid precipitation - ANS-Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that
return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog
dry acid particle deposition - ANS-Acid precipitation in the form of gases and particles,
usually occurring two to three days after emission into the atmosphere
Atmosphere - ANS-Air surrounding Earth;is made up of gases,including 78 percent
nitrogen,21 percent oxygen,and 0.03 percent carbon dioxide.
, Troposphere - ANS-Bottommost layer; (11 km, 7 mi) air denser near surface
stratosphere - ANS-2nd layer: 11-50 km (7-31mi) above surface: colder at lower
boundary than upper boundary: Ozone absorb and scatter UV radiation
thermal inversion - ANS-The temperature inversion in which warm air traps cold air and
pollutants near the earth
how does the thermal inversion affect air quality? - ANS-thermal inversion traps
pollution close to the ground, especially smog and particulates
Air pollutants - ANS-gases and particulate material added to the atmosphere that can
affect climate or harm people or other organisms
Air pollution - ANS-Concentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur
oxide, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average
air.
volcanic eruptions - ANS-The presence of aerosols in the air increase the amount of
solar radiation that is reflected back into space. This causes the lower atmosphere to
cool. Can cause climate change.
Aerosols - ANS-Can cause a haze in the atmosphere that reflects sunlight or increases
cloud cover
Clean Air Act 1970 - ANS-Required EPA to develop and enforce regulations to protect
the public from airborne contaminants; forced states to follow and make sure the laws
for followed in relation to the EPA. States allowed to decide officials for enforcement.
Clean Air Act 1990 - ANS-strengthened regulations for auto emissions, toxins, acid
deposition, ozone depletion, while introducing market incentives, emissions trading
Carbon monoxide - ANS-CO , Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by the
combustion of carbon or organic fuels. classified as an asphyxiant
Asphyxiant - ANS-substance that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation
sulfur dioxide - ANS-SO₂ , Created naturally by volcanoes. Human source is mainly
from the burning of coal. Creates respiratory problems in humans and acid rain in the
environment. colorless gas but pungent odor.
Nitrogen dioxide - ANS-NO₂ , a foul-smelling reddish brown gas, produced primarily by
the incomplete combustion of fuel, that contributes to smog and acidic deposition
Correct Solutions
primary pollutants - ANS-pollutants that are released directly into the lower atmosphere.
secondary pollutants - ANS-pollutants that are formed by the combination of primary
pollutants in the atmosphere.
what kind of air pollutants does the combustion of coal release? - ANS-carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide, toxic metals and particulates
the combustion of fossil fuels release what air pollutants? - ANS-nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter
what impacts does nitrogen dioxides have on air pollution? - ANS-nitrogen dioxides lead
to the production of ozone, formation of photochemical smog and convert to nitric acid
in the atmosphere, causing acid rain
sulfur oxides - ANS-(SOx) Primary source is coal burning. Primary and secondary
effects include acid deposition, respiratory irritation, plant damage. Reduction methods
include: scrubbers, burn low sulfur fuel.
nitrogen oxides - ANS-(NOx) Major source is auto exhaust. Primary and secondary
effects include acidification of lakes, respiratory irritation, leads to smog and ozone.
Reduced using catalytic converters.
how can photochemical smog be reduced? - ANS-through the reduction of nitrogen
oxide and VOCs
human health impacts of photochemical smog - ANS-respiratory problems and eye
irritation
acid precipitation - ANS-Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that
return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog
dry acid particle deposition - ANS-Acid precipitation in the form of gases and particles,
usually occurring two to three days after emission into the atmosphere
Atmosphere - ANS-Air surrounding Earth;is made up of gases,including 78 percent
nitrogen,21 percent oxygen,and 0.03 percent carbon dioxide.
, Troposphere - ANS-Bottommost layer; (11 km, 7 mi) air denser near surface
stratosphere - ANS-2nd layer: 11-50 km (7-31mi) above surface: colder at lower
boundary than upper boundary: Ozone absorb and scatter UV radiation
thermal inversion - ANS-The temperature inversion in which warm air traps cold air and
pollutants near the earth
how does the thermal inversion affect air quality? - ANS-thermal inversion traps
pollution close to the ground, especially smog and particulates
Air pollutants - ANS-gases and particulate material added to the atmosphere that can
affect climate or harm people or other organisms
Air pollution - ANS-Concentration of trace substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur
oxide, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average
air.
volcanic eruptions - ANS-The presence of aerosols in the air increase the amount of
solar radiation that is reflected back into space. This causes the lower atmosphere to
cool. Can cause climate change.
Aerosols - ANS-Can cause a haze in the atmosphere that reflects sunlight or increases
cloud cover
Clean Air Act 1970 - ANS-Required EPA to develop and enforce regulations to protect
the public from airborne contaminants; forced states to follow and make sure the laws
for followed in relation to the EPA. States allowed to decide officials for enforcement.
Clean Air Act 1990 - ANS-strengthened regulations for auto emissions, toxins, acid
deposition, ozone depletion, while introducing market incentives, emissions trading
Carbon monoxide - ANS-CO , Colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by the
combustion of carbon or organic fuels. classified as an asphyxiant
Asphyxiant - ANS-substance that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation
sulfur dioxide - ANS-SO₂ , Created naturally by volcanoes. Human source is mainly
from the burning of coal. Creates respiratory problems in humans and acid rain in the
environment. colorless gas but pungent odor.
Nitrogen dioxide - ANS-NO₂ , a foul-smelling reddish brown gas, produced primarily by
the incomplete combustion of fuel, that contributes to smog and acidic deposition
