BIOL 1002 Final Exam and Already
Passed Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
To survive organisms must - Answer obtain energy
obtain water and other nutrients
distribute water and nutrients throughout the day
exchange gases
support the body structurally
grow and develop
reproduce
plant parts - Answer land plants have two basic parts: roots and shoot
roots - Answer branched portion of the body
usually in the soil/substrate: anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients from substrate, store
surplus food
transport water and nutrients
produce some hormones
interact w soil, fungi, and bacteria
shoots - Answer located above the ground
buds, leaves, flowers, fruits
functions - Answer leaves: primary site for photosynthesis
fruits: mature portion of plant: many plants have seeds; structures that form from maturation of
flower, protect seeds & aid in seed dispersal
flowers: reproductive part; produce either male/female gametes, facilitate fusion of gametes,
produce seeds which are enclosed w/in
bud: leaf bud or flower bud: baby leaf, represent an early/un-mature flower; newly growing
leaves/flowers
petiole: stem
stem: elevate leaves, flowers, and fruit to capture sunlight or aid in dispersal of pollen and/or
seeds
why roots want hard structures? - Answer to protect it
, root hairs? - Answer increase surface area
more water and nutrients absorption
plant types - Answer 2 broad groups:
-monocots
-dicots
monocots (1 cotyledon) - Answer lilies, daffodils, tulips, palm trees, many grasses, including
wheat, rice, corn, oats bamboo
dicots (2 cotyledon) - Answer deciduous trees and bushes, most vegetables, many flowers
what is a cotyledon? - Answer part of the embryo that absorbs and stores food reserves in
the seed and transfers food to embryo when seed sprouts
plant growth - Answer flowering plants can continue to grow though out lifetime (no
"mature" form)
plants generally grow at tips of branches or at their roots whereas other parts (e.g., individual
leaves) stop growing at some point in time
plants have diff. types of cells: meristem cells, differentiated cells
meristem cells - Answer unspecialized embryonic
analogous to animal stem cells
mitotic cell division
provide new growth (e.g. roots tips, shoot tips)
when mature lose their ability to divide and become differentiated cells
differentiated cells - Answer meristem cells that mature into cells that have specialized
structures and functions:
xylem and phloem
spore and egg cells
apical meristems - Answer "tip"
meristem cells found at the roots and shoot tips
responsible for primary growth of plants
increased height throughout life of plant
Passed Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
To survive organisms must - Answer obtain energy
obtain water and other nutrients
distribute water and nutrients throughout the day
exchange gases
support the body structurally
grow and develop
reproduce
plant parts - Answer land plants have two basic parts: roots and shoot
roots - Answer branched portion of the body
usually in the soil/substrate: anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients from substrate, store
surplus food
transport water and nutrients
produce some hormones
interact w soil, fungi, and bacteria
shoots - Answer located above the ground
buds, leaves, flowers, fruits
functions - Answer leaves: primary site for photosynthesis
fruits: mature portion of plant: many plants have seeds; structures that form from maturation of
flower, protect seeds & aid in seed dispersal
flowers: reproductive part; produce either male/female gametes, facilitate fusion of gametes,
produce seeds which are enclosed w/in
bud: leaf bud or flower bud: baby leaf, represent an early/un-mature flower; newly growing
leaves/flowers
petiole: stem
stem: elevate leaves, flowers, and fruit to capture sunlight or aid in dispersal of pollen and/or
seeds
why roots want hard structures? - Answer to protect it
, root hairs? - Answer increase surface area
more water and nutrients absorption
plant types - Answer 2 broad groups:
-monocots
-dicots
monocots (1 cotyledon) - Answer lilies, daffodils, tulips, palm trees, many grasses, including
wheat, rice, corn, oats bamboo
dicots (2 cotyledon) - Answer deciduous trees and bushes, most vegetables, many flowers
what is a cotyledon? - Answer part of the embryo that absorbs and stores food reserves in
the seed and transfers food to embryo when seed sprouts
plant growth - Answer flowering plants can continue to grow though out lifetime (no
"mature" form)
plants generally grow at tips of branches or at their roots whereas other parts (e.g., individual
leaves) stop growing at some point in time
plants have diff. types of cells: meristem cells, differentiated cells
meristem cells - Answer unspecialized embryonic
analogous to animal stem cells
mitotic cell division
provide new growth (e.g. roots tips, shoot tips)
when mature lose their ability to divide and become differentiated cells
differentiated cells - Answer meristem cells that mature into cells that have specialized
structures and functions:
xylem and phloem
spore and egg cells
apical meristems - Answer "tip"
meristem cells found at the roots and shoot tips
responsible for primary growth of plants
increased height throughout life of plant
