6637 acute injury; Advanced Clinical Emergency and Hypersensitivity Management: IgE-Mediated Anaphylaxis, Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Immune Complex Reactions, Delayed T-Cell Responses, Thermal and Cold Injuries, Electrical Trauma, Chemical Exposures,

6637 acute injury; Advanced Clinical Emergency and Hypersensitivity Management: IgE-Mediated Anaphylaxis, Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Immune Complex Reactions, Delayed T-Cell Responses, Thermal and Cold Injuries, Electrical Trauma, Chemical Exposures, Arthropod and Mammalian Bites, Brown Recluse and Spider Envenomation, Cardiovascular Dysrhythmias, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Bioterrorism Pathogens, TBI Assessment, Heatstroke, Frostbite, Wound Care, Epinephrine Protocols, Antihistamine Therapy, Rhabdomyolysis, Neurovascular Assessment, Shock Management, Oxygenation, Fluid Resuscitation, Electrolyte Imbalance, Diagnostic Imaging, CBC and CMP Evaluation, ECG Interpretation, Poison Control Guidelines, Preventive Education, Emergency Referral, Patient Monitoring, Clinical Interventions Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Type 1: IgE: mediated hypersensitivity response inflammatory response activated anaphylaxis Type 2: antibody-mediated cellular response (cytotoxic) Destruction (toxic) to any cell with allergen-antibody (Rh-incompatibility) Type 3: antibody - allergen immune response IgM and IgG activation Delayed response 2-3 weeks post-exposure (medications) Type 4: delayed hypersensitivity response T cell dependent; begin in skin (where t cells typically are) Skin reactions, TB skin test anaphylaxis Systemic, life threatening allergic response Usually immediate reaction, but can be delayed by up to 2-3 hours Food and drug reactions are most common anaphylaxis patho IgE mediated response Bronchospasm, hypoxia, hypotension Reaction from basophils and mast cells that release histamine, causing increased capillary permeability Uniphasic vs biphasic Uniphasic anaphylaxis most common symptoms peak at 30 minutes and resolve within a hour Biphasic symptoms return 1-8 hours after they have resolved (also called protracted anaphylaxis) anaphlaxis clinical presentation/physical exam wekness Nausea/vomiting urticarial eruptions wheezing, high-pitched...tight airways Confusion, restlessness, anxiety Tachycardia, EKG with ST elevation, inverted T anaphlaxis managment pulse oximetry, airway Vital signs/mental status ECG ER Epinephrine: 1mg/ml 0.2-0.5mg IM, repeat every 5-15 minutes as needed to max dose of 1mg Histamine antagonist (H1 and H2): second line treatment anaphlaxis prevention/education Skin testing and/or RAST Skin testing can NOT be done until at least 6 weeks after event Referral to allergist if possible Medic alert bracelet Epi-pen - teach how to use and to carry at all times Bites/stings Bites/stings are vectors for infection/hypersensitive reactions Sting may result in IgE mediated reactions Venoms contain: histamine, serotonin and kinins may cause local or systemic or delayed reaction Local reaction - area of erythema, edema, pruritis Toxic reaction - fever, syncope, h/a, GI distress, seizure Systemic reaction - see anaphylaxis Bites/stings diagnosis/evaluation wasps, bees, hornets - can be local, toxic or systemic reaction Fire ants - papule progresses to sterile pustule in 6-24 hours