NSG 4100 Exam 3 Adult Health III
Latest 2026 Update with questions and well
verified answers real!!!
Section 1: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Concepts (Questions 1-15)
1. A nurse is explaining the cardiac cycle to a patient. The nurse defines "systole" as which of the
following?
A. The period when the heart is at rest and filling with blood (repolarization).
B. The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute.
C. The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.
D. The phase when the heart contracts to pump blood out (depolarization).
2. A patient's central venous pressure (CVP) is measured at 1 mm Hg. The nurse interprets this as
indicative of:
A. Hypervolemia and an elevated right ventricular preload.
B. Hypovolemia and a reduced right ventricular preload.
C. Normal right-sided filling pressures.
D. Increased systemic vascular resistance (afterload).
3. The nurse calculates a patient's cardiac output. Which formula is correct?
A. Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
B. Preload x Afterload
C. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
D. End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
4. A patient in cardiogenic shock has a pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) of 25 mm Hg
(normal 6-12 mm Hg). This finding indicates:
A. Decreased left ventricular preload.
B. Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (fluid overload).
C. Severely reduced right ventricular afterload.
D. Increased contractility.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient with an arterial line. This line is primarily used to:
A. Measure central venous pressure.
B. Administer vasoactive medications safely.
C. Obtain direct and continuous blood pressure measurements.
D. Assess right ventricular function.
, 6. A patient with a pulmonary artery catheter has a CVP of 10 mm Hg. Based on this finding, the nurse
anticipates which intervention?
A. Administering a fluid bolus as prescribed.
B. Assessing for signs of hypovolemia.
C. Evaluating for potential fluid overload.
D. Preparing to administer a vasopressor.
7. Which solution should the nurse avoid infusing through any port of a hemodynamic monitoring
system?
A. 0.9% Normal Saline
B. Lactated Ringer's
C. Dextrose-containing solutions
D. Heparinized saline
8. The nurse is providing hygiene care for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter in place. Which
instruction is most appropriate?
A. "You must take a bed bath; the catheter site cannot get wet at all."
B. "Showering is permitted if the catheter and tubing are placed in an impermeable cover."
C. "A tub bath is allowed, but the site must remain above the water."
D. "You may shower briefly, but the dressing must be changed immediately afterward, even if dry."
9. A nurse is teaching a patient about preload. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A. "Preload is the pressure my heart has to push against to get blood out."
B. "Preload is the amount of stretch in my heart muscle before it beats."
C. "Preload is the strength of the contraction itself."
D. "Preload is the number of times my heart beats per minute."
10. The nurse identifies that a patient's afterload is significantly increased. This is most likely to occur
in a patient with:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Hypertension.
C. Aortic regurgitation.
D. Anemia.
11. A potential complication of central line insertion for hemodynamic monitoring is:
A. Hyperglycemia.
B. Pneumothorax.
C. Deep vein thrombosis.
D. Cardiac tamponade.
12. The nurse recognizes that the measurement of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) reflects:
A. Left ventricular afterload.
B. Right ventricular preload.
C. The volume of blood in the ventricles.
D. The heart's contractile force.
Latest 2026 Update with questions and well
verified answers real!!!
Section 1: Hemodynamic Monitoring and Concepts (Questions 1-15)
1. A nurse is explaining the cardiac cycle to a patient. The nurse defines "systole" as which of the
following?
A. The period when the heart is at rest and filling with blood (repolarization).
B. The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute.
C. The amount of resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood.
D. The phase when the heart contracts to pump blood out (depolarization).
2. A patient's central venous pressure (CVP) is measured at 1 mm Hg. The nurse interprets this as
indicative of:
A. Hypervolemia and an elevated right ventricular preload.
B. Hypovolemia and a reduced right ventricular preload.
C. Normal right-sided filling pressures.
D. Increased systemic vascular resistance (afterload).
3. The nurse calculates a patient's cardiac output. Which formula is correct?
A. Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
B. Preload x Afterload
C. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) x Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
D. End-Diastolic Volume (EDV) - End-Systolic Volume (ESV)
4. A patient in cardiogenic shock has a pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) of 25 mm Hg
(normal 6-12 mm Hg). This finding indicates:
A. Decreased left ventricular preload.
B. Elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (fluid overload).
C. Severely reduced right ventricular afterload.
D. Increased contractility.
5. The nurse is caring for a patient with an arterial line. This line is primarily used to:
A. Measure central venous pressure.
B. Administer vasoactive medications safely.
C. Obtain direct and continuous blood pressure measurements.
D. Assess right ventricular function.
, 6. A patient with a pulmonary artery catheter has a CVP of 10 mm Hg. Based on this finding, the nurse
anticipates which intervention?
A. Administering a fluid bolus as prescribed.
B. Assessing for signs of hypovolemia.
C. Evaluating for potential fluid overload.
D. Preparing to administer a vasopressor.
7. Which solution should the nurse avoid infusing through any port of a hemodynamic monitoring
system?
A. 0.9% Normal Saline
B. Lactated Ringer's
C. Dextrose-containing solutions
D. Heparinized saline
8. The nurse is providing hygiene care for a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter in place. Which
instruction is most appropriate?
A. "You must take a bed bath; the catheter site cannot get wet at all."
B. "Showering is permitted if the catheter and tubing are placed in an impermeable cover."
C. "A tub bath is allowed, but the site must remain above the water."
D. "You may shower briefly, but the dressing must be changed immediately afterward, even if dry."
9. A nurse is teaching a patient about preload. Which statement by the patient indicates
understanding?
A. "Preload is the pressure my heart has to push against to get blood out."
B. "Preload is the amount of stretch in my heart muscle before it beats."
C. "Preload is the strength of the contraction itself."
D. "Preload is the number of times my heart beats per minute."
10. The nurse identifies that a patient's afterload is significantly increased. This is most likely to occur
in a patient with:
A. Hypovolemia.
B. Hypertension.
C. Aortic regurgitation.
D. Anemia.
11. A potential complication of central line insertion for hemodynamic monitoring is:
A. Hyperglycemia.
B. Pneumothorax.
C. Deep vein thrombosis.
D. Cardiac tamponade.
12. The nurse recognizes that the measurement of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) reflects:
A. Left ventricular afterload.
B. Right ventricular preload.
C. The volume of blood in the ventricles.
D. The heart's contractile force.
