EDapt-Advanced Pathophysiology
eDapt COPD Test Questions Fully
Solved.
Introduction to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive disease of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This
chronic inflammatory disease is related to a combination of pathophysiological processes that
reduce airflow during expiration. Increased mucus production (e.g., chronic bronchitis) and the
loss of surface area in the lung (e.g., emphysema) are present, resulting in reduced lung
compliance.
The nurse practitioner (NP) is teaching adults about the leading cause of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) at a community health fair. Which leading cause identified by the
participants would indicate effective teaching?
- Childhood asthma
- Urban pollution
- Occupational hazards
- Smoking - Answer - Smoking
The client with COPD has (...) during expiration due to chronic (...) processes
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow
Inflammatory, restrictive, anatomical - Answer - Reduced
- Inflammatory
Which clinical manifestations are expected in a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)? Select that all apply.
- Stridor on inspiration
- Barrel-shaped chest
- Shortness of breath
- Productive cough
- Hypotension
- Wheezing - Answer - Barrel-shaped chest
, - Shortness of breath
- Productive cough
- Wheezing
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer - According to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021a), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Almost 15.7 million Americans
reported that they had been diagnosed; however, 50% of affected adults were not aware they
had COPD.
- COPD is more likely to be seen in women, individuals over 65 years of age, American
Indians/Alaska Natives, multiracial non-Hispanics, and individuals with less than a high school
education (CDC, 2021b). Most were current or former smokers or people with a history of
asthma.
Pathogenesis - Answer - The pathogenesis of emphysema and chronic bronchitis often
begins with chronic exposure to irritants that inflame the airway epithelium and the release of
inflammatory mediators from immune cells. Elastase also increases in the body with
emphysema, which speeds up the breakdown of elastic fibers in alveoli (damaged, hyperinflated
alveoli). An alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) plays an increasing role in the onset of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AATD is the most common genetic risk factor for COPD.
- Smooth muscle constriction is important to limit the passage of the irritant deeper into the
respiratory tract. Secretion of mucus and release of inflammatory chemicals are also important
to help trap the irritant. In the disease process, a transition occurs from a protective respiratory
response to a detrimental effect. This occurs with long-term exposure to irritants, with some
genetic components in emphysema, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis.
Emphysema - Answer - Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils cause an imbalance of
protease and antiprotease in the lungs (a balance between protease and antiprotease activity is
required for proper lung maintenance)
- Airway inflammation with macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ lymphocytes
- Increased alveolar wall cell death and/or failure in alveolar wall maintenance
- Chronic inflammation and infection increase oxidative stress; increased destruction and
impaired lung maintenance/repair.
Chronic Bronchitis - Answer - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells that lead to the
hypersecretion of mucus
- Epithelial cell metaplasia that creates non-ciliated squamous cells
eDapt COPD Test Questions Fully
Solved.
Introduction to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) is an obstructive disease of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This
chronic inflammatory disease is related to a combination of pathophysiological processes that
reduce airflow during expiration. Increased mucus production (e.g., chronic bronchitis) and the
loss of surface area in the lung (e.g., emphysema) are present, resulting in reduced lung
compliance.
The nurse practitioner (NP) is teaching adults about the leading cause of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) at a community health fair. Which leading cause identified by the
participants would indicate effective teaching?
- Childhood asthma
- Urban pollution
- Occupational hazards
- Smoking - Answer - Smoking
The client with COPD has (...) during expiration due to chronic (...) processes
Increased airflow, reduced airflow, normal airflow
Inflammatory, restrictive, anatomical - Answer - Reduced
- Inflammatory
Which clinical manifestations are expected in a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD)? Select that all apply.
- Stridor on inspiration
- Barrel-shaped chest
- Shortness of breath
- Productive cough
- Hypotension
- Wheezing - Answer - Barrel-shaped chest
, - Shortness of breath
- Productive cough
- Wheezing
Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - Answer - According to the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2021a), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Almost 15.7 million Americans
reported that they had been diagnosed; however, 50% of affected adults were not aware they
had COPD.
- COPD is more likely to be seen in women, individuals over 65 years of age, American
Indians/Alaska Natives, multiracial non-Hispanics, and individuals with less than a high school
education (CDC, 2021b). Most were current or former smokers or people with a history of
asthma.
Pathogenesis - Answer - The pathogenesis of emphysema and chronic bronchitis often
begins with chronic exposure to irritants that inflame the airway epithelium and the release of
inflammatory mediators from immune cells. Elastase also increases in the body with
emphysema, which speeds up the breakdown of elastic fibers in alveoli (damaged, hyperinflated
alveoli). An alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) plays an increasing role in the onset of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AATD is the most common genetic risk factor for COPD.
- Smooth muscle constriction is important to limit the passage of the irritant deeper into the
respiratory tract. Secretion of mucus and release of inflammatory chemicals are also important
to help trap the irritant. In the disease process, a transition occurs from a protective respiratory
response to a detrimental effect. This occurs with long-term exposure to irritants, with some
genetic components in emphysema, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis.
Emphysema - Answer - Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils cause an imbalance of
protease and antiprotease in the lungs (a balance between protease and antiprotease activity is
required for proper lung maintenance)
- Airway inflammation with macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ lymphocytes
- Increased alveolar wall cell death and/or failure in alveolar wall maintenance
- Chronic inflammation and infection increase oxidative stress; increased destruction and
impaired lung maintenance/repair.
Chronic Bronchitis - Answer - Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of goblet cells that lead to the
hypersecretion of mucus
- Epithelial cell metaplasia that creates non-ciliated squamous cells
