NUR 125 Final Exam Questions Answered
Correctly (Qs) 2026 update
When should you flush an IV with normal saline? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Every 8 hours to ensure patency
IV Insertion location - CORRECT ANSWERS Non dominant hand, start
low and work your way up, not below current infusion, avoid antecubital area
Fluid overload S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Edema, hypertension,
bounding pulse, crackles, weight gain
Phlebitis S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS inflammation of a vein
—redness, swelling, warmth
Infiltration S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Leakage of fluid
—cool, pallor, swelling, pain, burning
Isotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is the same as body
fluids, D5W sodium, Ringer, Lactated Ringer, 0.9% sodium chloride. Fluid loss resulting
from diarrhea & vomiting, waiting for blood products, and fluid loss during surgery
Hypertonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is higher than
300 mEq/L, concentrated in dextrose in water 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%- sodium
chloride solution 3%, 5%, lower cerebral edema
Hypotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is less than 280
mEq/L, 0.45% sodium chloride- use to replace hypotonic fluid losses, maintenance
solution
TNM - CORRECT ANSWERS tumor-node-metastasis
Risk factors for cellular regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS Advancing
age, smoking, multiple sex partners, sun exposure, high fat and low fiber diet, increased
alcohol intake
What is the main sign of colon cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS Blood in
stool
complications of leukemia - CORRECT ANSWERS Infection, bleeding,
anemia
—patient should be on neutropenic precautions
, Breast cancer S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Dimpling of the skin of the
breast, discharge from the nipple, thickening of breast tissue, dry rash in the areola
Lymphedema interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS Elevate arm &
encourage exercises and ADLs with affected arm
Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWERS Deficiency of acetylcholine,
neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposits in the brain
*nutrition should include small frequent meals with finger foods high in protein and
carbohydrates
Dementia - CORRECT ANSWERS Minor vs. Major tranquilizers- major (to
manage anxiety, hostility, agitation, and paranoia) minor (to manage anxiety and
agitation)
*should promote involvement in ADLs with simple directions
Parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWERS Combination drug therapy to
increase the effectiveness includes carbidopa and levodopa.
S/S— muscle tremors, posture and equilibrium alternations, slow body movements &
bradykinesia
Deficiency of dopamine
Delirium - CORRECT ANSWERS Anyone dealing with a delirium patient
should be calm, warm, and reassuring. Frequent orientation to the surroundings and
situation is important as well. *inpatient room settings: private room with continual
supervision, quiet and uncluttered, lighting should be soft and diffuse to avoid shadows.
DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) - CORRECT ANSWERS Glucose 300-600
mg/dL, breakdown of fat protein producing acidosis, dangerously low pH, Kussmaul RR:
rapid and deep
HHNS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Diagnosed with a glucose level greater than 600 mg/dL
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Histamine 2 receptor and proton pump inhibitors decrease gastric secretions, antacids
neutralize gastric pH (take 1 hour before to 2 hours after meals)
N/V - CORRECT ANSWERS Serotonin antagonist (Zofran) is best to treat
chemotherapy N/V
Types of N/V chemotherapy- acute, delayed, anticipatory, chemotherapy induced,
radiation induced
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - CORRECT ANSWERS OTC
antihistamines can aggravate the urinary symptoms
Correctly (Qs) 2026 update
When should you flush an IV with normal saline? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Every 8 hours to ensure patency
IV Insertion location - CORRECT ANSWERS Non dominant hand, start
low and work your way up, not below current infusion, avoid antecubital area
Fluid overload S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Edema, hypertension,
bounding pulse, crackles, weight gain
Phlebitis S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS inflammation of a vein
—redness, swelling, warmth
Infiltration S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Leakage of fluid
—cool, pallor, swelling, pain, burning
Isotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is the same as body
fluids, D5W sodium, Ringer, Lactated Ringer, 0.9% sodium chloride. Fluid loss resulting
from diarrhea & vomiting, waiting for blood products, and fluid loss during surgery
Hypertonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is higher than
300 mEq/L, concentrated in dextrose in water 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%- sodium
chloride solution 3%, 5%, lower cerebral edema
Hypotonic fluids - CORRECT ANSWERS Concentration is less than 280
mEq/L, 0.45% sodium chloride- use to replace hypotonic fluid losses, maintenance
solution
TNM - CORRECT ANSWERS tumor-node-metastasis
Risk factors for cellular regulation - CORRECT ANSWERS Advancing
age, smoking, multiple sex partners, sun exposure, high fat and low fiber diet, increased
alcohol intake
What is the main sign of colon cancer? - CORRECT ANSWERS Blood in
stool
complications of leukemia - CORRECT ANSWERS Infection, bleeding,
anemia
—patient should be on neutropenic precautions
, Breast cancer S/S - CORRECT ANSWERS Dimpling of the skin of the
breast, discharge from the nipple, thickening of breast tissue, dry rash in the areola
Lymphedema interventions - CORRECT ANSWERS Elevate arm &
encourage exercises and ADLs with affected arm
Alzheimer's - CORRECT ANSWERS Deficiency of acetylcholine,
neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposits in the brain
*nutrition should include small frequent meals with finger foods high in protein and
carbohydrates
Dementia - CORRECT ANSWERS Minor vs. Major tranquilizers- major (to
manage anxiety, hostility, agitation, and paranoia) minor (to manage anxiety and
agitation)
*should promote involvement in ADLs with simple directions
Parkinson's - CORRECT ANSWERS Combination drug therapy to
increase the effectiveness includes carbidopa and levodopa.
S/S— muscle tremors, posture and equilibrium alternations, slow body movements &
bradykinesia
Deficiency of dopamine
Delirium - CORRECT ANSWERS Anyone dealing with a delirium patient
should be calm, warm, and reassuring. Frequent orientation to the surroundings and
situation is important as well. *inpatient room settings: private room with continual
supervision, quiet and uncluttered, lighting should be soft and diffuse to avoid shadows.
DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) - CORRECT ANSWERS Glucose 300-600
mg/dL, breakdown of fat protein producing acidosis, dangerously low pH, Kussmaul RR:
rapid and deep
HHNS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Diagnosed with a glucose level greater than 600 mg/dL
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Histamine 2 receptor and proton pump inhibitors decrease gastric secretions, antacids
neutralize gastric pH (take 1 hour before to 2 hours after meals)
N/V - CORRECT ANSWERS Serotonin antagonist (Zofran) is best to treat
chemotherapy N/V
Types of N/V chemotherapy- acute, delayed, anticipatory, chemotherapy induced,
radiation induced
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) - CORRECT ANSWERS OTC
antihistamines can aggravate the urinary symptoms
