TEST BANK j$
FOUNDATIONSFORPOPULATIONHEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
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C HEALTH NURSING
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by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
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6TH EDITION
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, Table of Contents j$ j$
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
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Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Chapter
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03: US and Global Health Care
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Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism C
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hapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
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Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice C
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hapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
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Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chapte j$ j$ j$ j$
r 09: Evidence-
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Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologic
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al Applications
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Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
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Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks C
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hapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation Chap
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ter 14: Health Education in the Community Chapter 15:
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Case Management j$
Chapter 16: Disaster Management j$ j$ j$
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Cha
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pter 18: Program Management
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Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
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Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics Ch
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apter 21: Family Health Risks
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Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
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Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chapter
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24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
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Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Chapte
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r 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapter 27:
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Violence and Human Abuse j$ j$ j$
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health Chapte
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r 29: The Faith Community Nurse
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Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Chapter
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31: The Nurse in the Schools
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Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
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, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE j$
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
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a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
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b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS A j $
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
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specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emph
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
asis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurses may be gene
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ralists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or system
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
s.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
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a. Providing care to individuals and families j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
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d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
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ANS D j $
By definition, community-
j$ j$
oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. A
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ll Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute o
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
r chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
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3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
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a. Families and groups j$ j$
b. Illness-oriented care j$
c. Individuals within the family unit j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Health care of communities and populations j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS D j $
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups,
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and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the population
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within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
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oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in the com
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munity, and the focus of practice is on individual or
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family-centered illness care. j$ j$
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
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a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS C j $
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible for incre
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
asing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through i
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mprovements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
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(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug is disc
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overed that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in
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$the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
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5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Following i
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nterventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse? j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Provide free health care to all citizens j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
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c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
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ANS B j $
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number of
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people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burden it places on th
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
e American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
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. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
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a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
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c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
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d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
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ANS C j $
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the l
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arger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (res
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ources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the h
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ealth of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that conditions exist
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities. The focus
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is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy choices
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is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
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7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
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a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine
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needed health services j$ j$
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
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ANS D j $
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the communi
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ty to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health a
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nd improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should be chosen, assessing t
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he community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not demonstrate the engag
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ement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and needs.
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8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
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a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
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b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
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c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
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d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS B j $
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or grou
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ps about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more aggressive in
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j
$working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institutional settings to deal w
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ith barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most representati
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ve, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health, broad concerns of the community
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should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watc
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
hing television (a one-way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate? j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. A large group of persons j$ j$ j$ j$
b. A collection of individuals and families
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Another name for demographic group j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS C j $
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members of a co
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
mmunity can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special interest (e.g., child
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ren attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used interchangeably with the
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name for demographic group are n
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ot accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse?
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a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS A j $
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
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oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Policy development j$
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care j$ j$
ANS C j $
Assurance includes making sure that essential community- j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development. Scient
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information avai
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
lable about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health of the popula
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
tion, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
. 2
FOUNDATIONSFORPOPULATIONHEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLI
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
C HEALTH NURSING
j$ j$
by Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster
j$ j$ j$ j$ j $
6TH EDITION
j$
, Table of Contents j$ j$
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing Stanhope: Chapter
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j $ j$ j$
03: US and Global Health Care
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism C
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
hapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice C
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
hapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 08: Environmental Health Chapte j$ j$ j$ j$
r 09: Evidence-
j$ j$
Based Practice Chapter 10: Epidemiologic
j$ j$ j$ j$
al Applications
j$
Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks C
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
hapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation Chap
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ter 14: Health Education in the Community Chapter 15:
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Case Management j$
Chapter 16: Disaster Management j$ j$ j$
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation Cha
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
pter 18: Program Management
j$ j$ j$
Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics Ch
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
apter 21: Family Health Risks
j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations Chapter
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
24: Rural Health and Migrant Health
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness Chapte
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
r 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community Chapter 27:
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Violence and Human Abuse j$ j$ j$
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health Chapte
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
r 29: The Faith Community Nurse
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice Chapter
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
31: The Nurse in the Schools
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
, Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Stanhope: Foundations for Population Health in Community/Public Health Nursing, 6th Edition
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
MULTIPLE CHOICE j$
1. WHICH statement best describes community-based nursing?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. A practice in WHICH care is provided for individuals and families.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. A value system in WHICH all clients receive optimal care.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS A j $
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
specific practice in WHICH care is provided for “sick” individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emph
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
asis is on acute and chronic care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These Nurses may be gene
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ralists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing. Community-
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than focusing on groups, aggregates, or system
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
s.
2. WHICH statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Providing care to individuals and families j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS D j $
By definition, community-
j$ j$
oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. A
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ll Nurses may focus on individuals and families, give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute o
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
r chronic conditions. These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
3. WHICH of the Following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
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a. Families and groups j$ j$
b. Illness-oriented care j$
c. Individuals within the family unit j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Health care of communities and populations j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS D j $
In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather than on individuals, groups,
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore, and protect health for the community and the population
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
within it. Community-based Nurses deal primarily with illness-
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oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage acute and chronic health conditions in the com
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j $ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
munity, and the focus of practice is on individual or
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family-centered illness care. j$ j$
4. WHICH of the Following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century?
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a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS C j $
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were primarily responsible for incre
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
asing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through i
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
mprovements in (1) sanitation, (2) clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
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(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited when a new drug is disc
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overed that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j
$the health of populations that have come largely from public health accomplishments.
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5. A Nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. WHICH of the Following i
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
nterventions would most likely be implemented by the Nurse? j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Provide free health care to all citizens j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
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c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
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ANS B j $
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms to increase the number of
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While the cost of health care and the burden it places on th
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
e American government are serious concerns, they are not the primary focus of ACA.
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. 1
, 6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health efforts?
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a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
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c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
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d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
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ANS C j $
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely separate from the health of the l
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arger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (res
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ources) on the health of individuals, families, and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the h
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ealth of the community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that conditions exist
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
in WHICH people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the morality of health disparities. The focus
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care. Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy choices
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
is the directive for lengthening life span not the role of the government.
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7. WHICH of the Following actions would most likely be performed by a public health Nurse?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine
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needed health services j$ j$
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS D j $
Although the public health Nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with members of the communi
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ty to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the population as a whole and engaging in promoting health a
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
nd improving the environment. The interventions of asking community leaders WHICH interventions should be chosen, assessing t
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he community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do not demonstrate the engag
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ement of the community when making decisions about what the community actually wants and needs.
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8. WHICH public health Nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
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a. The Nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
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b. The Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
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c. The Nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
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d. The Nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
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ANS B j $
Any of these descriptions might represent a Nurse communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or grou
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ps about health concerns. A major challenge for the future is the need for public health nursing specialists to be more aggressive in
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j
$working collaboratively with various groups in the community as well as professional colleagues in institutional settings to deal w
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ith barriers to health. However, the Nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies is the most representati
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ve, because in public health, concerns are addressed from a broader perspective. In public health, broad concerns of the community
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should be addressed. Concerns are broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watc
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
hing television (a one-way form of communication) is less effective than interacting with others.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
9. WHICH of the Following best defines aggregate? j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. A large group of persons j$ j$ j$ j$
b. A collection of individuals and families
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. A collection of people who share one or more characteristics
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. Another name for demographic group j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS C j $
An aggregate is defined a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics. Members of a co
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
mmunity can be defined in terms of either geography (e.g., a county, a group of counties, or a state) or a special interest (e.g., child
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ren attending a particular school). These members make up a population. The term population may be used interchangeably with the
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
term aggregate. A large group of persons, a collection of individuals and families, and another name for demographic group are n
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ot accurate definitions of the term aggregate.
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10. WHICH question asked by a novice Nurse would be the most reflective of an understanding of the role of a public health Nurse?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. “WHICH groups are at the greatest risk for problems?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
b. “WHICH patients should I see first as I begin my day?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
c. “With WHICH physicians will I be most closely collaborating?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
d. “With WHICH nursing assistants will I partner the most?” j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ANS A j $
Asking WHICH groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-
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oriented perspective. The incorrect responses reflect a focus on individuals rather than a community-oriented perspective.
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11. Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines WHICH of the core public health functions?
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
a. Policy development j$
b. Assessment
c. Assurance
d. Scientific knowledge-based care j$ j$
ANS C j $
Assurance includes making sure that essential community- j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
oriented health services are available in the community. The definition does not fit the terms assessment, policy development. Scient
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
ific knowledge-based care is not a core function of public health.
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
Assessment is systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information avai
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
lable about the health of the community. Policy development refers to efforts to develop policies that support the health of the popula
j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$ j$
tion, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions.
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. 2
