PN 4003 Midterm Exam and Final Exam
(Latest Versions 2025) | Featuring Topics
such as health assessment, chronic
illness management, and pharmacology
what condition is produced by enlarged adenoids? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Noisy
breathing
What intervention should you perform when caring for a patient with epistaxis ------- ✔
CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓apply direct continuous pressure
what is a cardinal sign of lung cancer ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓mucopurulent sputum
A diagnosis of smoke inhalation is at increased risk for what ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓acute respiratory distress syndrome
How to care for a patient during an acute asthma attack ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓administer bronchodilator as ordered
Hypovolemic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs when blood volume drops
cariogenic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs with diminished heart function
neurogenic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs with nervous system problem
,Long standing change of rheumatic heart disease ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓valvular
changes
lymphoma is a group of cancers that affect which system ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓lymphatic system
lymphangitis may result in what ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓red streaks that follow the
course of the lymph channels
what is a common method used to promote lymphatic drainage and prevent edema in
lymphedema ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓elevate the affected part of the body
a large amount of edema post mastectomy is due to ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓an
accumulation of lymphatic fluid that results from impaired lymph circulation
a patient with hypovolemic anemia may experience ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓postural
hypotension
coagulopathies ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bleeding disorders that involve platelets or
clotting factors
an early sign of impeding heart failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓the presence of an S3
sound
atherosclerosis will result in ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓fatty deposits in the lumen of the
arteries
,it is appropriate to treat atrial fibrillation with a pacemaker ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓false
what is blood pressure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓the force produced by the volume of
blood inaiterial walls
normal PH of blood ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓7.35-7.45
PH greater than 7 ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓base (alkaline)
PH less than 7 ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Acid
an appreciable decrease in respirations may in time produce ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓acidosis
an excessive increase in respirations may in time produce ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓alkalosis
What is respiratory acidosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess
What is respiratory alkalosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit
What is metabolic acidosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit
What is metabolic alkalosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess
, metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate
(NaHCO3)
respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid
(H2CO3)
fluid imbalances: dehydration ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓loss of body fluids = increased
concentration of solutes in blood & rise in serum Na+
fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to shrink & not function
properly
fluid imbalances: hypovolemia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Excessive fluid loss (hemorrhage)
can progress to hypovolemic shock
isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting)
fluid imbalances: hypervolemia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Excess fluid in extracellular as a
result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure
occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
leads to CHF & pulmonary edema
fluid imbalances: water intoxication ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓hypotonic extracellular fluid
shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance
cells swell
normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓45-35
normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓22-26
(Latest Versions 2025) | Featuring Topics
such as health assessment, chronic
illness management, and pharmacology
what condition is produced by enlarged adenoids? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Noisy
breathing
What intervention should you perform when caring for a patient with epistaxis ------- ✔
CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓apply direct continuous pressure
what is a cardinal sign of lung cancer ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓mucopurulent sputum
A diagnosis of smoke inhalation is at increased risk for what ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓acute respiratory distress syndrome
How to care for a patient during an acute asthma attack ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓administer bronchodilator as ordered
Hypovolemic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs when blood volume drops
cariogenic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs with diminished heart function
neurogenic shock ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓occurs with nervous system problem
,Long standing change of rheumatic heart disease ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓valvular
changes
lymphoma is a group of cancers that affect which system ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓lymphatic system
lymphangitis may result in what ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓red streaks that follow the
course of the lymph channels
what is a common method used to promote lymphatic drainage and prevent edema in
lymphedema ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓elevate the affected part of the body
a large amount of edema post mastectomy is due to ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓an
accumulation of lymphatic fluid that results from impaired lymph circulation
a patient with hypovolemic anemia may experience ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓postural
hypotension
coagulopathies ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bleeding disorders that involve platelets or
clotting factors
an early sign of impeding heart failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓the presence of an S3
sound
atherosclerosis will result in ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓fatty deposits in the lumen of the
arteries
,it is appropriate to treat atrial fibrillation with a pacemaker ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓false
what is blood pressure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓the force produced by the volume of
blood inaiterial walls
normal PH of blood ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓7.35-7.45
PH greater than 7 ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓base (alkaline)
PH less than 7 ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Acid
an appreciable decrease in respirations may in time produce ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓acidosis
an excessive increase in respirations may in time produce ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER
✓✓alkalosis
What is respiratory acidosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) excess
What is respiratory alkalosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid (H2CO3) deficit
What is metabolic acidosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) deficit
What is metabolic alkalosis? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate (NaHCO3) excess
, metabolic disturbances affect what in the blood? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓bicarbonate
(NaHCO3)
respiratory disturbances affect what in the blood? ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓carbonic acid
(H2CO3)
fluid imbalances: dehydration ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓loss of body fluids = increased
concentration of solutes in blood & rise in serum Na+
fluid shifts out of cells & into blood to restore balance, causing cells to shrink & not function
properly
fluid imbalances: hypovolemia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Excessive fluid loss (hemorrhage)
can progress to hypovolemic shock
isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space (third space fluid shifting)
fluid imbalances: hypervolemia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Excess fluid in extracellular as a
result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive intake, or renal failure
occurs when comp mechanisms fail to restore fluid balance
leads to CHF & pulmonary edema
fluid imbalances: water intoxication ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓hypotonic extracellular fluid
shifts into cells to attempt to restore balance
cells swell
normal carbonic acid (PaCo2) range ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓45-35
normal bicarbonate (HcO3) range ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓22-26
