Pol 101 Final Study Guide VERIFIED CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED VERSION (GRADED A+)

Original jurisdiction for the Supreme Court does NOT include which of the following? A. Cases involving foreign ambassadors, ministers, or consuls B. Individuals suing the national government C. Cases between one of the states and the United States government D. Cases between two or more states - Answer️B There are currently _______ Supreme Court justices. - Answer️9 Appellate jurisdiction is necessary in order to do which of the following? A. Select federal judges B. Review decisions from lower courts C. Review the behavior of attorneys in courts D. Select state judges - Answer️ If a case involves __________ questions, the Supreme Court can review it whether from a federal court or a highest state court. - Answer️Federal Which of the following is defined as government choosing to do or not to do something? A. Procedural policy B. Political process C. What the public wants the government to do D. Public policy - Answer️D What is the origin of political activity? - Answer️Conflict within society over what government ought to do According to the textbook, what is at issue in the public policy debate - Answer️Which groups shall win and which groups shall lose Incrementalism can be described as which of the following? A. Inclining toward large shifts in policy B. Requiring higher information demands than the rational-comprehensive model C. Believing that present decisions should differ only marginally from existing policies D. Being the same as the countervailing theory - Answer️C __________ policymaking decisions rather than incremental lead to the creation of new agencies (or abolishing existing ones) or to initiate new programs (or terminate current ones). - Answer️The rational-comprehensive approach Which of the following exemplifies the Social Security program, which was created in 1935, but had since changes changed in such ways as the tax rate increasing several times? A. Rational-comprehensive approach B. Pluralism C. Elitism D. Incrementalism - Answer️D Which model of policymaking suggests a limited role for government so that the natural forces of supply and demand are allowed to prevail in the market place? - Answer️Free market capitalism The two interpretations of who makes public policy are __________ and __________. A.) rational; irrational approaches B.) Free market; fixed market capitalism models C.) Elitism; pluralism D.) Systems; models - Answer️elitism; pluralism What does the countervailing theory of pressure politics posit? - Answer️No single group dominates political activity. Because of their __________, bureaucrats play a critical role in making policy. - Answer️Expertise The sum of deficits of prior years is known as which of the following? A. Government surplus B. The total amount of government revenues C. The interest rate D. Debt - Answer️D _________ is the leading supply-side economics theoretician. - Answer️Arthur Laffer The Office of Management and Budget help the president with __________ policy. - Answer️Budgetary __________ policy is implemented primarily by the Federal Reserve System. - Answer️Monetary What does monetary policy entail? - Answer️How much money should circulate and what the interest rate should be. What is it called when the government restricts the flow of foreign-made goods into the United States? - Answer️Protectionism The policy of allowing foreign producers to sell their goods in the United States without restriction is called __________. - Answer️free trade Social entitlements, mandated by __________, are programs whereby eligible individuals receive benefits. - Answer️law The single largest category of social welfare spending is __________. A. unemployment compensation B. curative strategies C. Medical programs D. social insurance programs - Answer️social insurance programs Social __________ are programs, such as Social Security and Medicaid, that provide benefits to individuals according to law. - Answer️entitlements Today about __________ of the gross national product goes to social welfare programs. - Answer️16 percent Of the statements below, which best describes gross domestic product output since 1929? - Answer️It has experienced sustained, significant growth. What are the goals of need-based programs that are targeted at specific segments of society? - Answer️Ameliorate economic inequality The greatest period of high tension between the USSR and the U.S. was the _____. - Answer️Cold War The success of the Solidarity movement in __________ was one of the events that worked together to end the Cold War. - Answer️Poland The policy, proclaimed in 1969, stipulating that the U.S. will support its allies with economic and military aid is the _______ Doctrine. - Answer️Nixon __________ did NOT help create the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. - Answer️The Soviet Union Which of the following proclaimed that the United States would oppose the expansion of communism anywhere in the world? - Answer️Truman Doctrine Which of the following is NOT included in the realism approach to foreign policy? - Answer️It accepts conflict as a permanent part of international politics. When inaugurated into office, a president takes an oath to "preserve, protect, and defend" the __________. - Answer️Constitution One item listed below is NOT a constitutional function. Which one is it? A. Outlining the organization of government B. Granting power C. Guaranteeing economic equality D. Providing a mainstay of rights - Answer️C The writings of __________ provided the basic ideas for the writers of the Declaration of Independence. - Answer️John Locke Which of the following principles defines the idea that government and laws derive their legitimacy from the people? - Answer️Consent of the Governed Which of the following provided the first government of the United States? - Answer️The Articles of Confederation What was one of the major deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation? - Answer️The absence of sufficient power in the central government. Which of the following was NOT one of the reasons the Antifederalists opposed the Constitution? A. It failed to include a bill of rights. B. It favored the states over the national government C. It was conceived in an illegal manner D. It seemed designed to promote a commercial empire - Answer️A Which type of government is a loose collection of states in which principal power lies at the level of the individual state rather than at the level of the central or national government? - Answer️A confederation What is NOT an example of a state power? A. Outlining the judicial proceedings of divorce B. Regulating the right to serve in the armed forces C. Requiring the marriage ceremony be performed by a public official D. Requiring the application for a marriage license - Answer️B __________ have the principle power within a state in the United States. - Answer️State Governments How is the number of electoral votes determined for each state? - Answer️By it's members in the House of Representatives and Senate combined. The __________ is the political institution that determines the winner in presidential elections in the U.S. - Answer️Electoral College Which of the following is NOT true about implied powers? A. They are powers of the national government. B. They are implicit in powers expressly granted by the U.S. Constitution. C. They are not specifically cited in the Constitution D. They are explicitly detailed in the U.S. Constitution - Answer️D. __________ is an example of a concurrent power that both national and state governments have - Answer️The power to tax Justice Holmes established the clear and present danger test as a result of Charles Schenck being convicted for violating the Espionage Act. Since 1969, the clear and present danger test has evolved into the __________ test. - Answer️Incitement The Supreme Court has done which of the following in regard to the issue of obscenity? - Answer️Regarded it as unprotected speech. One controversial act that has been ruled __________ is burning an American flag. - Answer️Constitutional The __________ establishes a preservation of a sphere of religious practice free of interference by government. - Answer️Free Exercise clause The __________ bears the burden of proof in a criminal trial, according to the presumption of innocence. - Answer️Government __________ means that the police have a very good reason to apply for a warrant. - Answer️Probable cause Political ideology is NOT concerned with which of the following? A. The political party in power. B. Distribution of goods and services. C. Proper functions of government. D. Issues of liberty and equality - Answer️A What did classical liberalism believe in? - Answer️The government that governed least governed best The roots of liberalism can be traced to the great English philosopher _______. - Answer️John Locke Populism and progressivism opposed what classical liberal belief? - Answer️The role of government should be limited. The Great Society of President ________ in the 1960s moved beyond the New Deal - Answer️Johnson Which of the powers listed below must be done by both the House and the Senate? A. Declare war B. Ratify treaties C. Confirm presidential appointments D. Bring impeachments - Answer️Declare war