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Samenvatting fysiologie 1e Bach

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fysiologie 1e Bach geneeskunde lesslides prof. Leybaert deel 2 (niet in Acco cursus) ivm cel 2

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CELFYSIOLOGIE DEEL II
Inhoudsopgave
calcium ion signalisatie............................................................................................................................................................ 1

connexines en cel-cel communicatie........................................................................................................................................ 8

signaaltransductie in de fotoreceptorcellen v/d retina........................................................................................................... 10

staafjes & kegeltjes.........................................................................................................................................................................11

cytologie van een staafje................................................................................................................................................................11

fotopigmenten in staafjes / kegeltjes.............................................................................................................................................12

kleurenblindheid.............................................................................................................................................................................12

licht activeert rhodopsine...............................................................................................................................................................12

licht-geïnduceerde isomerisatie van retinal....................................................................................................................................13

van geactiveerd rhodopsine naar elektrische signalen..................................................................................................................13

donkeradaptatie.............................................................................................................................................................................14

lichtadaptatie..................................................................................................................................................................................14

Celdood................................................................................................................................................................................. 14

Celdood door necrose.....................................................................................................................................................................14

Celdood door apoptose...................................................................................................................................................................15

intracellulair Ca+2 reguleert celdood vs overleving.........................................................................................................................17

parthanatos – signaalcascade........................................................................................................................................................18

necroptose = gereguleerde necrose................................................................................................................................................18

autofagie.........................................................................................................................................................................................19

mitotische catastrofe of senescentie..............................................................................................................................................19




CALCIUM ION SIGNALISATIE

,Calcium ionen vormen 1 van de meest universele signaalsubstanties in de cel. Ze zijn essentieel voor de normale
celfunctie en cruciaal bij celdood processen

ionotroop : - acetylcholine bindt op receptor (na naar binnen, K naar buiten wat leidt tot depolarisatie
- Gaba opent Cl- kanaal en veroorzaakt hyperpolarisatie

metabotroop : = GPCR’s : 2e boodschapperstof aangemaakt (amplificatie cascade in de cel )



metabotrope responsen activeren second messengers

- cAMP → activeert kinase A (PKA)
- CGMP → activeert Kinase G (PKG) + opent kation-
kanalen
- DAG → activeert kinase C (PKC)
- IP3 → opent Ca2+ kanalen in ER




IP3 (=inositol trisfosfaat) triggert loslating van Ca +2 ionen vanuit
ER/SR + activeert via Ca+2 en DAG het PKC (= protein kinase C)

 dit gebeurt door binding en activatie van IP 3 receptoren

IP3 bindt op Ca kanalen en hierdoor worden deze geactiveerd.
Ca zal op zijn beurt kinase activeren (PKC zal fosforyleren), wat
leidt tot andere functie van deze eiwitten

Als ligand bindt op G-eiwitten zal enzym vrijgesteld worden dat
+2
dan weer IP3 vrijsteld en door verlies Ca zal er weer signaal zijn
om Ca +2 binnen te pompen via kanaal

, - PI3 zorgt voor synthese van andere second messengers zoals PIP3




- zorgt voor stimulatie van GLUT-4 transporteiwit in de plasmamembraan van skeletspiercellen oiv insuline
 stoornissen in deze post-insulinereceptor signaalcascade veroorzaken diabetes mellitus type 2

insuline afhankelijk glucose transport van GLUT4
vesikels in een skeletspiercel

als insuline bindt op receptor, wordt intracellulair een
signaalcascade van fosforylaties geactiveerd waarbij
IRS-1 , PI3K en PKB betrokken zijn

uiteindelijke stimulatie van glucosetransport
doorheen membraan wordt veroorzaakt door
translocatie GLUT4 houdende vesikels

- vesikels worden geïncereerd in vetweefsel via PI3K (geactiveerd door IRS-1)
- PKB wordt geactiveerd door PIP3 (gefosforyleerde vorm van PI3K)
- Transloactie van de GLUT4 vesikels van intracellulaire opslagplaats naar celmembraan waar de GLUT4
eiwitten actief worden
 verband tussen insuline en GLUT4 translocatie is nog ongekend!



Een cytoplasmatische Ca+2 toename kan
het gevolg zijn van:
- Ca+2 influx
- Ca+2 loslating vanuit ER/SR opslag (stores)

= Ca+2 release/ mobilization

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