NURS 108 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
Nursing Process is a five step critical thinking process involving: - ANS ADPIE
Assessing
Diagnosing
Planning
Implementing
Evaluating
mild hypothermia - ANS 93.2-96.8 F
moderate hypothermia - ANS 86-93.2 F
Severe hypothermia - ANS Less than 86 F
basal cell carcinoma - ANS Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules.
.5-1 cm crusty lesions that is flat and raised with widely dilated blood vessels within the lesion
squamous cell carcinoma - ANS Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma;
often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules. Occur on mucusal surfaces, etc.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,.5-1.5 cm scaly and sometimes ulcerated or crusted; grows rapidly
Melanoma - ANS The most serious form of skin cancer. .5-1cm flat lesions with irregular
borders and indistinct margins.
Complete eye test with - ANS Snellen chart and examination
Complete hearing test with: - ANS Hearing acuity test, such as whisper test or tuning fork test
(Weber's and Rinne)
Mouth and pharyngeal assessment with: - ANS - Test throat function, lips, speech, color of
mouth, teeth detention, gag reflex, buccal, inner lips, under tongue, etc.
Complete neck assessment with: - ANS Test lymph nodes, thyroid, trachea, etc.
Types of therapeutic communication - ANS verbal and nonverbal
Sites and normal ranges of vital signs in infants, adults, and the elderly - ANS Acceptable
temperature range:
96.8° F to 100.4° F or 36° C to 38° C
Temperature sites:
Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery, esophageal, pulmonary artery
Pulse Sites: temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial,
and dorsalis pedis
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion: Measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), the
percent of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen in the arteries
Usually 95% to 100%
Normal oral temperature - ANS 98.6 F
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2
,Normal axillary temperature - ANS 97.7 F
Normal rectal temperature - ANS 99.5 F
Types of Nursing Diagnoses - ANS Actual (Problem focused)
Risk
Health Promotion
Syndrome
Nursing Diagnosis - ANS describes a health problem that can be treated by nursing measures;
a step in the nursing process
Ex. the medical diagnosis is stroke and the nursing diagnosis is the pt has limited mobility due to
stroke.
Collaborative problem - ANS Physiological complication that requires the nurse to use
nursing- and health care provider-prescribed interventions to maximize patient outcomes.
Nurses do's of three types of planning - ANS • Initially, they develop a comprehensive plan of
care for clients based on comprehensive assessments they complete. (i.e on admission to a
health care facility or to a home health organization)
• Nurses do ongoing planning throughout the provision of care. While obtaining new
information and evaluating responses to care, they modify and individualize the initial plan of
care.
• Discharge planning is a process of anticipating and planning for clients' needs after discharge.
To be effective discharge planning must begin as soon as clients are admitted.
PES Format - ANS 3-part labeling
P (problem) - NANDA-I label
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, E (etiology) - Related factor
S (symptoms or defining characteristics)
Etiology - ANS (aka related factor) of a nursing diagnosis is always with in the domain of
nursing practice and a condition that responds to nursing interventions.
Labels one or more probable causes of the health problem.
The purpose of concept mapping a nursing diagnosis - ANS Concept mapping a nursing
diagnosis is a way to graphically represent the connections among concepts (nursing diagnosis)
and ideas that are related to a central subject (patient's problems).
Guidelines to reduce errors when formulating the diagnostic statement - ANS 1. Identify the
patient's response, not the medical diagnosis.
2. Identify a NANDA-I diagnostic statement rather than the symptom.
3. Identify a treatable cause or risk factor rather than a clinical sign or chronic problem that is
not treatable through nursing intervention.
4. Identify the problem caused by the treatment or diagnostic study rather than the treatment
or study itself.
5. Identify the patient's response to the equipment rather than the equipment itself.
6. Identify the patient's problems rather than your problems with nursing care.
7. Identify the patient problem rather than nursing intervention.
8. Identify the patient's problem rather than the goal of care.
9. Make professional rather than prejudicial judgments.
10. Avoid legally inadvisable statements.
11. . Identify the problem and its cause to avoid a circular statement.
12. . Identify only one patient problem in the diagnostic statement.
Discuss conditions that place patients at risk for impaired skin integrity - ANS Immobilization,
Reduced sensation, nutrition & hydration, altered cognition, external devices, vascular
insufficiency, and alterations, secretions & excretions.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026.
Nursing Process is a five step critical thinking process involving: - ANS ADPIE
Assessing
Diagnosing
Planning
Implementing
Evaluating
mild hypothermia - ANS 93.2-96.8 F
moderate hypothermia - ANS 86-93.2 F
Severe hypothermia - ANS Less than 86 F
basal cell carcinoma - ANS Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules.
.5-1 cm crusty lesions that is flat and raised with widely dilated blood vessels within the lesion
squamous cell carcinoma - ANS Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma;
often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules. Occur on mucusal surfaces, etc.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,.5-1.5 cm scaly and sometimes ulcerated or crusted; grows rapidly
Melanoma - ANS The most serious form of skin cancer. .5-1cm flat lesions with irregular
borders and indistinct margins.
Complete eye test with - ANS Snellen chart and examination
Complete hearing test with: - ANS Hearing acuity test, such as whisper test or tuning fork test
(Weber's and Rinne)
Mouth and pharyngeal assessment with: - ANS - Test throat function, lips, speech, color of
mouth, teeth detention, gag reflex, buccal, inner lips, under tongue, etc.
Complete neck assessment with: - ANS Test lymph nodes, thyroid, trachea, etc.
Types of therapeutic communication - ANS verbal and nonverbal
Sites and normal ranges of vital signs in infants, adults, and the elderly - ANS Acceptable
temperature range:
96.8° F to 100.4° F or 36° C to 38° C
Temperature sites:
Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery, esophageal, pulmonary artery
Pulse Sites: temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial,
and dorsalis pedis
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion: Measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), the
percent of hemoglobin that is bound with oxygen in the arteries
Usually 95% to 100%
Normal oral temperature - ANS 98.6 F
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,Normal axillary temperature - ANS 97.7 F
Normal rectal temperature - ANS 99.5 F
Types of Nursing Diagnoses - ANS Actual (Problem focused)
Risk
Health Promotion
Syndrome
Nursing Diagnosis - ANS describes a health problem that can be treated by nursing measures;
a step in the nursing process
Ex. the medical diagnosis is stroke and the nursing diagnosis is the pt has limited mobility due to
stroke.
Collaborative problem - ANS Physiological complication that requires the nurse to use
nursing- and health care provider-prescribed interventions to maximize patient outcomes.
Nurses do's of three types of planning - ANS • Initially, they develop a comprehensive plan of
care for clients based on comprehensive assessments they complete. (i.e on admission to a
health care facility or to a home health organization)
• Nurses do ongoing planning throughout the provision of care. While obtaining new
information and evaluating responses to care, they modify and individualize the initial plan of
care.
• Discharge planning is a process of anticipating and planning for clients' needs after discharge.
To be effective discharge planning must begin as soon as clients are admitted.
PES Format - ANS 3-part labeling
P (problem) - NANDA-I label
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, E (etiology) - Related factor
S (symptoms or defining characteristics)
Etiology - ANS (aka related factor) of a nursing diagnosis is always with in the domain of
nursing practice and a condition that responds to nursing interventions.
Labels one or more probable causes of the health problem.
The purpose of concept mapping a nursing diagnosis - ANS Concept mapping a nursing
diagnosis is a way to graphically represent the connections among concepts (nursing diagnosis)
and ideas that are related to a central subject (patient's problems).
Guidelines to reduce errors when formulating the diagnostic statement - ANS 1. Identify the
patient's response, not the medical diagnosis.
2. Identify a NANDA-I diagnostic statement rather than the symptom.
3. Identify a treatable cause or risk factor rather than a clinical sign or chronic problem that is
not treatable through nursing intervention.
4. Identify the problem caused by the treatment or diagnostic study rather than the treatment
or study itself.
5. Identify the patient's response to the equipment rather than the equipment itself.
6. Identify the patient's problems rather than your problems with nursing care.
7. Identify the patient problem rather than nursing intervention.
8. Identify the patient's problem rather than the goal of care.
9. Make professional rather than prejudicial judgments.
10. Avoid legally inadvisable statements.
11. . Identify the problem and its cause to avoid a circular statement.
12. . Identify only one patient problem in the diagnostic statement.
Discuss conditions that place patients at risk for impaired skin integrity - ANS Immobilization,
Reduced sensation, nutrition & hydration, altered cognition, external devices, vascular
insufficiency, and alterations, secretions & excretions.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
