Grand Canyon University final exam
study guide 2026 NUR 635 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers| Graded
A+
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER✔✔ The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
The route of administration with highest bioavailability - ANSWER✔✔
intravenous
steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame - ANSWER✔✔ 4-5 half
lives of a drug
zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics - ANSWER✔✔ drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Steps of drug development - ANSWER✔✔ phase 1 preclinical research
with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
,Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - ANSWER✔✔
lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an
inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
ACEIs ending - ANSWER✔✔- pril
Important side effects of ACEIs (2) - ANSWER✔✔ cough, angioedema
ARBs end in? - ANSWER✔✔- sartan
ARBs MOA - ANSWER✔✔Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1
receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
MOA of benzodiazepines - ANSWER✔✔binds to GABA receptor allowing
influx of chloride through central ion channels, reducing
neurotransmission
3 hypnotic agents and what do they bind to - ANSWER✔✔zolpidem
(ambien), zaleplon (sonata), eszopiclone (lunesta) bind to
benzodiazepine receptors
Benzodiazepine uses (5) - ANSWER✔✔anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety,
, sedative hypnotic (help sleep), anterograde amnesia in procedures,
and muscle relaxant (mostly diazepam)
Benzodiazepines can cause people to - ANSWER✔✔ fall
a benzodiazepine antagonist is (a GABA receptor antagonist) -
ANSWER✔✔flumazenil (romazicon)
what hypnotic agent acts on MTI and MT2 type of melatonin receptor?
- ANSWER✔✔Ramelton (rozerem)
Most effective drugs in ETOH withdrawal - ANSWER✔✔lorazepam and
phenobarbitol. lorazepam preferred if liver dysfunction present
3 most common type of headaches - ANSWER✔✔tension, migraine,
cluster
characteristics of migraines - ANSWER✔✔family history, femal (3X
more), pulsating or throbbing, during 2-72 hours, associated with
visual auras, light and sound sensitivity, pale complexion, N,V
% migraine sufferers with no aura before - ANSWER✔✔ 85%
time frame of aura before migraine - ANSWER✔✔ 20-40 minutes prior
goal of migraine treatment - ANSWER✔✔50% reduction
study guide 2026 NUR 635 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers| Graded
A+
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER✔✔ The process by which drugs are
absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
The route of administration with highest bioavailability - ANSWER✔✔
intravenous
steady state (SS) is reached in what time frame - ANSWER✔✔ 4-5 half
lives of a drug
zero order (non-linear) pharmacokinetics - ANSWER✔✔ drug is
metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
Steps of drug development - ANSWER✔✔ phase 1 preclinical research
with animal testing
phase 2 human subjects for med safety
Phase 3 humans comparing drug to accepted meds or placebo
FDA review of results
post-marketing study
,Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors MOA - ANSWER✔✔
lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I (an
inactive enzyme) to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor)
ACEIs ending - ANSWER✔✔- pril
Important side effects of ACEIs (2) - ANSWER✔✔ cough, angioedema
ARBs end in? - ANSWER✔✔- sartan
ARBs MOA - ANSWER✔✔Block angiotensin-2 type 1 receptors (AT1
receptor)
Decrease BP via arteriolar and venous dilation
Block aldosterone secretion (decreased Na2+ and H2O retention)
Does NOT increase Bradykinin levels
Decrease diabetic nephrotoxicity
MOA of benzodiazepines - ANSWER✔✔binds to GABA receptor allowing
influx of chloride through central ion channels, reducing
neurotransmission
3 hypnotic agents and what do they bind to - ANSWER✔✔zolpidem
(ambien), zaleplon (sonata), eszopiclone (lunesta) bind to
benzodiazepine receptors
Benzodiazepine uses (5) - ANSWER✔✔anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety,
, sedative hypnotic (help sleep), anterograde amnesia in procedures,
and muscle relaxant (mostly diazepam)
Benzodiazepines can cause people to - ANSWER✔✔ fall
a benzodiazepine antagonist is (a GABA receptor antagonist) -
ANSWER✔✔flumazenil (romazicon)
what hypnotic agent acts on MTI and MT2 type of melatonin receptor?
- ANSWER✔✔Ramelton (rozerem)
Most effective drugs in ETOH withdrawal - ANSWER✔✔lorazepam and
phenobarbitol. lorazepam preferred if liver dysfunction present
3 most common type of headaches - ANSWER✔✔tension, migraine,
cluster
characteristics of migraines - ANSWER✔✔family history, femal (3X
more), pulsating or throbbing, during 2-72 hours, associated with
visual auras, light and sound sensitivity, pale complexion, N,V
% migraine sufferers with no aura before - ANSWER✔✔ 85%
time frame of aura before migraine - ANSWER✔✔ 20-40 minutes prior
goal of migraine treatment - ANSWER✔✔50% reduction
