NURSl 5334/l NURS5334l Examl 1l –l
Advancedl Pharmacologyl Reviewl |l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l thel abilityl tol amplifyl smalll signals;l includesl mechanismsl tol protectl thel celll froml
excessl stimulation
Answer:
signall transduction
Q:l processl inl whichl onlyl al smalll amountl ofl receptorsl forl al specificl ligandl mayl
needl tol bel activatedl tol getl al maximuml response
Answer:
signall amplification
Q:l signall amplificationl isl typicall ofl whichl twol membrane-boundl proteinl receptors?
Answer:
Gl protein-linkedl receptors
enzyme-linkedl receptors
Q:l sparel receptors
Answer:
thel leftover,l unoccupiedl receptorsl whenl al drugl isl ablel tol exertl itsl maximall antagonisticl
effectl withoutl bindingl 100%l ofl thel receptorsl available
,Q:l Reductionl inl drugl responsivenessl broughtl onl byl repeatedl dosingl overl al shortl time
Answer:
tachyphylaxis
Q:l Howl doesl receptorl desensitizationl occur?
Answer:
Tool muchl agonistl stimulationl causesl al diminishedl response;l thisl isl al defensel
mechanisml tol protectl thel celll froml overstimulation
Q:l Chronicl exposurel tol anl agonistl mayl leadl tol al decreasel inl thel synthesisl ofl newl
receptors.l Thisl isl knownl asl ________________.
Answer:
Downregulation
Q:l Downl regulation
Answer:
internalizationl ofl receptorsl intol thel cell,l makesl theml unavailablel forl agonistl interaction.l
Thisl happensl duel tol floodingl thel receptorsl withl agonistl activity
Q:l upregulationl ofl receptors
Answer:
cellsl becomel super-sensitizedl afterl repeatedl exposurel tol anl antagonisticl drugl orl
prolongedl absencel ofl thel ligand.
,Q:l Receptorl reservesl arel insertedl intol thel celll membranel inl responsel tol repeatedl
antagonisticl exposure,l inl anl attemptl tol increasel sensitivityl tol anl agonistl andl createl
morel binding
Answer:
upregulation
Q:l Thisl typel ofl drugl mimicsl thel actionl ofl thel endogenousl ligandl forl al receptor
Answer:
agonist
Q:l Al moleculel thatl bindsl specificallyl tol al receptorl sitel ofl anotherl molecule.
Answer:
Ligand
Q:l Thel amountl ofl effectl froml al drugl isl dependentl onl whatl twol keyl items?
Answer:
Drugl concentration
Receptorl sensitivity
Q:l drugl concentrationl isl determinedl byl whatl 5l elements?
Answer:
dose
ratel ofl absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
, Q:l dose,l ratel ofl absorption,l distribution,l metabolism,l andl eliminationl arel thel
determiningl factorl forl whatl concept?
Answer:
thel drugl concentration
Q:l Whatl occursl whenl thel dosel ofl al drugl increasesl tol al pointl wherel alll thel
receptorsl arel occupied?
Answer:
Maximuml effect
Q:l Gradedl dose-responsel curvesl arel usedl tol determinel whatl 2l concepts?
Answer:
Potency
Efficacy
Q:l Measurel ofl thel amountl ofl drugl neededl tol producel anl effect
Answer:
potency
Q:l EC50
Answer:
Concentrationl ofl thel drugl thatl producesl 50%l ofl maximall effect;l usedl tol determinel
potency
Q:l potencyl isl determinedl byl whatl measurement?
Advancedl Pharmacologyl Reviewl |l UTAl
(Latestl 2026l Update)l 100%l Verifiedl
Questionsl &l Answersl |l Gradel A
Q:l thel abilityl tol amplifyl smalll signals;l includesl mechanismsl tol protectl thel celll froml
excessl stimulation
Answer:
signall transduction
Q:l processl inl whichl onlyl al smalll amountl ofl receptorsl forl al specificl ligandl mayl
needl tol bel activatedl tol getl al maximuml response
Answer:
signall amplification
Q:l signall amplificationl isl typicall ofl whichl twol membrane-boundl proteinl receptors?
Answer:
Gl protein-linkedl receptors
enzyme-linkedl receptors
Q:l sparel receptors
Answer:
thel leftover,l unoccupiedl receptorsl whenl al drugl isl ablel tol exertl itsl maximall antagonisticl
effectl withoutl bindingl 100%l ofl thel receptorsl available
,Q:l Reductionl inl drugl responsivenessl broughtl onl byl repeatedl dosingl overl al shortl time
Answer:
tachyphylaxis
Q:l Howl doesl receptorl desensitizationl occur?
Answer:
Tool muchl agonistl stimulationl causesl al diminishedl response;l thisl isl al defensel
mechanisml tol protectl thel celll froml overstimulation
Q:l Chronicl exposurel tol anl agonistl mayl leadl tol al decreasel inl thel synthesisl ofl newl
receptors.l Thisl isl knownl asl ________________.
Answer:
Downregulation
Q:l Downl regulation
Answer:
internalizationl ofl receptorsl intol thel cell,l makesl theml unavailablel forl agonistl interaction.l
Thisl happensl duel tol floodingl thel receptorsl withl agonistl activity
Q:l upregulationl ofl receptors
Answer:
cellsl becomel super-sensitizedl afterl repeatedl exposurel tol anl antagonisticl drugl orl
prolongedl absencel ofl thel ligand.
,Q:l Receptorl reservesl arel insertedl intol thel celll membranel inl responsel tol repeatedl
antagonisticl exposure,l inl anl attemptl tol increasel sensitivityl tol anl agonistl andl createl
morel binding
Answer:
upregulation
Q:l Thisl typel ofl drugl mimicsl thel actionl ofl thel endogenousl ligandl forl al receptor
Answer:
agonist
Q:l Al moleculel thatl bindsl specificallyl tol al receptorl sitel ofl anotherl molecule.
Answer:
Ligand
Q:l Thel amountl ofl effectl froml al drugl isl dependentl onl whatl twol keyl items?
Answer:
Drugl concentration
Receptorl sensitivity
Q:l drugl concentrationl isl determinedl byl whatl 5l elements?
Answer:
dose
ratel ofl absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
, Q:l dose,l ratel ofl absorption,l distribution,l metabolism,l andl eliminationl arel thel
determiningl factorl forl whatl concept?
Answer:
thel drugl concentration
Q:l Whatl occursl whenl thel dosel ofl al drugl increasesl tol al pointl wherel alll thel
receptorsl arel occupied?
Answer:
Maximuml effect
Q:l Gradedl dose-responsel curvesl arel usedl tol determinel whatl 2l concepts?
Answer:
Potency
Efficacy
Q:l Measurel ofl thel amountl ofl drugl neededl tol producel anl effect
Answer:
potency
Q:l EC50
Answer:
Concentrationl ofl thel drugl thatl producesl 50%l ofl maximall effect;l usedl tol determinel
potency
Q:l potencyl isl determinedl byl whatl measurement?
