MICRO MODULE 5-6 REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
What are the four energy and carbon source classifications? - ANS The four classifications are
phototrophs (use light), chemotrophs (use chemical compounds), autotrophs (fix carbon from
CO2), and heterotrophs (require organic compounds).
What are the five oxygen classifications? - ANS The five classifications are obligate aerobes,
obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.
What are toxic forms of oxygen? - ANS Toxic forms include superoxide radicals, hydrogen
peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.
What enzymes detoxify toxic forms of oxygen? - ANS Enzymes include superoxide dismutase,
catalase, and peroxidase.
What are diazotrophs? - ANS Diazotrophs are organisms that can fix atmospheric nitrogen
into a usable form for other organisms.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What is the primary form of nitrogen for cells? - ANS The primary form of nitrogen for cells is
ammonia (NH3).
What is the importance of nitrogen for the cell? - ANS Nitrogen is essential for the synthesis
of amino acids, nucleotides, and other cellular components.
What types of organisms can perform nitrogen fixation? - ANS Nitrogen fixation is performed
by certain bacteria and archaea, including free-living bacteria and symbiotic bacteria in root
nodules of legumes.
What is the effect of temperature on cells? - ANS Temperature affects enzyme activity,
membrane fluidity, and overall metabolic processes in cells.
What do minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures mean for cells? - ANS Minimum
temperature is the lowest at which growth occurs, maximum temperature is the highest, and
optimum temperature is the temperature at which growth is most rapid.
What are the four categories of temperature requirements? - ANS The categories are
psychrophiles (cold-loving), mesophiles (moderate temperature), thermophiles (heat-loving),
and hyperthermophiles (extreme heat-loving).
Which temperature category includes human pathogens? - ANS Mesophiles typically include
human pathogens as they thrive at moderate temperatures around 37°C.
What is the effect of pH on cells? - ANS pH affects enzyme activity, nutrient availability, and
overall cellular metabolism.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2026.
What are the four energy and carbon source classifications? - ANS The four classifications are
phototrophs (use light), chemotrophs (use chemical compounds), autotrophs (fix carbon from
CO2), and heterotrophs (require organic compounds).
What are the five oxygen classifications? - ANS The five classifications are obligate aerobes,
obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerotolerant anaerobes, and microaerophiles.
What are toxic forms of oxygen? - ANS Toxic forms include superoxide radicals, hydrogen
peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.
What enzymes detoxify toxic forms of oxygen? - ANS Enzymes include superoxide dismutase,
catalase, and peroxidase.
What are diazotrophs? - ANS Diazotrophs are organisms that can fix atmospheric nitrogen
into a usable form for other organisms.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
, What is the primary form of nitrogen for cells? - ANS The primary form of nitrogen for cells is
ammonia (NH3).
What is the importance of nitrogen for the cell? - ANS Nitrogen is essential for the synthesis
of amino acids, nucleotides, and other cellular components.
What types of organisms can perform nitrogen fixation? - ANS Nitrogen fixation is performed
by certain bacteria and archaea, including free-living bacteria and symbiotic bacteria in root
nodules of legumes.
What is the effect of temperature on cells? - ANS Temperature affects enzyme activity,
membrane fluidity, and overall metabolic processes in cells.
What do minimum, maximum, and optimum temperatures mean for cells? - ANS Minimum
temperature is the lowest at which growth occurs, maximum temperature is the highest, and
optimum temperature is the temperature at which growth is most rapid.
What are the four categories of temperature requirements? - ANS The categories are
psychrophiles (cold-loving), mesophiles (moderate temperature), thermophiles (heat-loving),
and hyperthermophiles (extreme heat-loving).
Which temperature category includes human pathogens? - ANS Mesophiles typically include
human pathogens as they thrive at moderate temperatures around 37°C.
What is the effect of pH on cells? - ANS pH affects enzyme activity, nutrient availability, and
overall cellular metabolism.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
