BIOS252 EXAM 2 Actual Exam 2026/2027 Complete
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates
cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol in the
adrenal cortex (C). Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and diffuse through cell membranes.
Insulin (A) and glucagon (D) are peptide hormones, while epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone
derived from tyrosine.
Q3: The posterior pituitary stores and releases which two hormones synthesized in the
hypothalamus?
A. GH and TSH
,B. ACTH and FSH
C. ADH and oxytocin [CORRECT]
D. Prolactin and MSH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores and releases antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) and oxytocin (C), which are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported via axons.
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, prolactin, and MSH (A, B, D) are all produced by the anterior pituitary.
Q4: Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland and decreases
blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Triiodothyronine (T3)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular C cells and lowers blood calcium by
inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing calcium excretion by kidneys (B). PTH (A) raises
blood calcium. T3 (D) and T4 (C) are produced by follicular cells and regulate metabolism.
Q5: Which hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is produced by beta cells and lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular
uptake and storage as glycogen (B). Glucagon (A) is produced by alpha cells and raises blood
glucose. Somatostatin (C) is produced by delta cells and regulates both. Epinephrine (D) is from
the adrenal medulla.
Q6: Which adrenal cortex hormone primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
, C. Androgens
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates electrolyte balance by promoting
sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys (B). Cortisol (A) is a glucocorticoid.
Androgens (C) are sex hormones. Epinephrine (D) is from the adrenal medulla.
Q7: A patient with excessive growth hormone in adulthood develops which condition
characterized by enlarged bones of the face, hands, and feet?
A. Gigantism
B. Dwarfism
C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH in adulthood after epiphyseal plates have closed,
causing bone thickening in face, hands, and feet (C). Gigantism (A) occurs with excess GH in
childhood. Dwarfism (B) is GH deficiency in childhood. Cretinism (D) is hypothyroidism in
infancy.
Q8: Which hormone uses cAMP as a second messenger in its mechanism of action?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine binds to membrane receptors and activates cAMP as a second messenger
(C). Cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and testosterone (D) are steroid hormones that diffuse through
membranes and bind intracellular receptors, affecting gene transcription without second
messengers.
Q9: Which condition results from insufficient ADH production or response, causing excessive
thirst and dilute urine?
A. Diabetes mellitus
Questions and Verified Answers with Detailed
Rationales Anatomy and Physiology II Grade A 100%
Correct Pass Guaranteed - A+ Graded
SECTION 1: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Questions 1-20)
Q1: Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the release of
thyroid hormones?
A. TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)
B. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) [CORRECT]
C. T3 (triiodothyronine)
D. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is produced by the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T3 and T4 (B). TRH (A) is produced by the
hypothalamus and stimulates TSH release. T3 (C) is a thyroid hormone. ACTH (D) stimulates
cortisol release.
Q2: Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?
A. Insulin
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol [CORRECT]
D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol in the
adrenal cortex (C). Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and diffuse through cell membranes.
Insulin (A) and glucagon (D) are peptide hormones, while epinephrine (B) is an amine hormone
derived from tyrosine.
Q3: The posterior pituitary stores and releases which two hormones synthesized in the
hypothalamus?
A. GH and TSH
,B. ACTH and FSH
C. ADH and oxytocin [CORRECT]
D. Prolactin and MSH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores and releases antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) and oxytocin (C), which are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported via axons.
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, prolactin, and MSH (A, B, D) are all produced by the anterior pituitary.
Q4: Which hormone is produced by the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland and decreases
blood calcium levels?
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
B. Calcitonin [CORRECT]
C. Thyroxine (T4)
D. Triiodothyronine (T3)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calcitonin is produced by parafollicular C cells and lowers blood calcium by
inhibiting osteoclast activity and increasing calcium excretion by kidneys (B). PTH (A) raises
blood calcium. T3 (D) and T4 (C) are produced by follicular cells and regulate metabolism.
Q5: Which hormone is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets and lowers blood glucose?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin [CORRECT]
C. Somatostatin
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin is produced by beta cells and lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular
uptake and storage as glycogen (B). Glucagon (A) is produced by alpha cells and raises blood
glucose. Somatostatin (C) is produced by delta cells and regulates both. Epinephrine (D) is from
the adrenal medulla.
Q6: Which adrenal cortex hormone primarily regulates sodium and potassium balance?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone [CORRECT]
, C. Androgens
D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates electrolyte balance by promoting
sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys (B). Cortisol (A) is a glucocorticoid.
Androgens (C) are sex hormones. Epinephrine (D) is from the adrenal medulla.
Q7: A patient with excessive growth hormone in adulthood develops which condition
characterized by enlarged bones of the face, hands, and feet?
A. Gigantism
B. Dwarfism
C. Acromegaly [CORRECT]
D. Cretinism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acromegaly results from excess GH in adulthood after epiphyseal plates have closed,
causing bone thickening in face, hands, and feet (C). Gigantism (A) occurs with excess GH in
childhood. Dwarfism (B) is GH deficiency in childhood. Cretinism (D) is hypothyroidism in
infancy.
Q8: Which hormone uses cAMP as a second messenger in its mechanism of action?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine [CORRECT]
D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine binds to membrane receptors and activates cAMP as a second messenger
(C). Cortisol (A), aldosterone (B), and testosterone (D) are steroid hormones that diffuse through
membranes and bind intracellular receptors, affecting gene transcription without second
messengers.
Q9: Which condition results from insufficient ADH production or response, causing excessive
thirst and dilute urine?
A. Diabetes mellitus
