HIM 111 EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE TEST EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
What is a lymph node? -correct answersA collection of stationary lymphatic tissue along lymph
vessels that filters lymph and houses immune cells.
What is the thoracic duct? -correct answersA large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the
lower and left side of the body into the bloodstream.
What is the spleen? -correct answersAn organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that
destroys worn-out erythrocytes, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood.
What is the adenoid? -correct answersA mass of lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx
that helps protect against pathogens.
What is the thymus? -correct answersA lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T
cells to react to foreign cells in the immune response.
What are lymphatic capillaries? -correct answersThe tiniest lymphatic vessels that collect excess
interstitial fluid and transport it to larger lymphatic vessels.
What is the right lymphatic duct? -correct answersA large lymphatic vessel in the chest that
drains lymph from the upper right part of the body.
What is interstitial fluid? -correct answersFluid in the spaces between cells that provides
nutrients and removes waste.
,Cytotoxic T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that directly kills foreign cells, such as infected
or cancerous cells.
Lymphocytes that directly act on antigens -correct answersThese are T cells, specifically helper T
cells and cytotoxic T cells, which recognize and respond to antigens.
CD4 + T cells -correct answersA type of helper T cell that is crucial for the immune response and
is deficient in people with AIDS.
Lymphocytes that mature into plasma cells -correct answersThese are B cells, which
differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Type of immunity where B cells produce antibodies after exposure to antigens -correct
answersThis is known as humoral immunity.
Type of immunity that recognizes and remembers specific antigens -correct answersThis is
referred to as adaptive immunity.
What is a plasma cell? -correct answersA lymphocyte that matures from a B lymphocyte and
secretes antibodies.
What is a macrophage? -correct answersA large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other
tissues of the body.
What is a helper T cell? -correct answersA CD4+ T cell that aids B cells in recognizing antigens.
What is a regulatory T cell (Treg)? -correct answersA T cell that inhibits the activity of B and T
lymphocytes.
,What are complement proteins? -correct answersProteins in the blood that help antibodies and
T cells kill their target.
What is an antigen-presenting cell? -correct answersA cell that shows B cells and T cells what to
attack.
Immunoglobulins -correct answersProteins produced by plasma cells that function as antibodies
to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
Toxins -correct answersPoisonous substances produced by living cells or organisms that can
cause disease or harm to other organisms.
Helper T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response
by activating other immune cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
Suppressor T cells -correct answersAlso known as regulatory T cells, these cells help regulate
and suppress the immune response to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmune
diseases.
Cytotoxic T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that directly kills infected or cancerous cells by
recognizing specific antigens presented on their surfaces.
Plasma cells -correct answersDifferentiated B cells that produce and secrete large volumes of
antibodies in response to an antigen.
Interferons and interleukins -correct answersTypes of cytokines; interferons are proteins that
help cells resist viral infections, while interleukins are involved in communication between white
blood cells to regulate immune responses.
, Removal of the spleen -correct answersThe surgical procedure known as splenectomy, which
involves the removal of the spleen.
Enlargement of the spleen -correct answersA condition known as splenomegaly, where the
spleen becomes larger than normal.
Formation of lymph -correct answersThe process by which interstitial fluid is collected and
transformed into lymph, which is a fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system.
Tumor of the thymus gland -correct answersA growth or neoplasm in the thymus gland, which
can be benign or malignant, often referred to as thymoma.
Inflammation of lymph glands (nodes) -correct answersA condition known as lymphadenitis,
characterized by swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes due to infection or other causes.
Deficiency of lymph cells -correct answersA condition known as lymphopenia, which is
characterized by a lower than normal number of lymphocytes in the blood.
Pertaining to poison -correct answersThe term 'toxic' refers to substances that are harmful or
lethal to living organisms.
Disease of lymph glands (nodes) -correct answersA condition affecting the lymph nodes, often
referred to as lymphadenopathy, which can indicate infection, malignancy, or other diseases.
What is Kaposi's Sarcoma? -correct answersA malignant condition associated with AIDS
characterized by purplish skin nodules.
What is HIV? -correct answersHuman Immunodeficiency Virus; the retrovirus that causes AIDS.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
What is a lymph node? -correct answersA collection of stationary lymphatic tissue along lymph
vessels that filters lymph and houses immune cells.
What is the thoracic duct? -correct answersA large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the
lower and left side of the body into the bloodstream.
What is the spleen? -correct answersAn organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that
destroys worn-out erythrocytes, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood.
What is the adenoid? -correct answersA mass of lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx
that helps protect against pathogens.
What is the thymus? -correct answersA lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T
cells to react to foreign cells in the immune response.
What are lymphatic capillaries? -correct answersThe tiniest lymphatic vessels that collect excess
interstitial fluid and transport it to larger lymphatic vessels.
What is the right lymphatic duct? -correct answersA large lymphatic vessel in the chest that
drains lymph from the upper right part of the body.
What is interstitial fluid? -correct answersFluid in the spaces between cells that provides
nutrients and removes waste.
,Cytotoxic T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that directly kills foreign cells, such as infected
or cancerous cells.
Lymphocytes that directly act on antigens -correct answersThese are T cells, specifically helper T
cells and cytotoxic T cells, which recognize and respond to antigens.
CD4 + T cells -correct answersA type of helper T cell that is crucial for the immune response and
is deficient in people with AIDS.
Lymphocytes that mature into plasma cells -correct answersThese are B cells, which
differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Type of immunity where B cells produce antibodies after exposure to antigens -correct
answersThis is known as humoral immunity.
Type of immunity that recognizes and remembers specific antigens -correct answersThis is
referred to as adaptive immunity.
What is a plasma cell? -correct answersA lymphocyte that matures from a B lymphocyte and
secretes antibodies.
What is a macrophage? -correct answersA large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other
tissues of the body.
What is a helper T cell? -correct answersA CD4+ T cell that aids B cells in recognizing antigens.
What is a regulatory T cell (Treg)? -correct answersA T cell that inhibits the activity of B and T
lymphocytes.
,What are complement proteins? -correct answersProteins in the blood that help antibodies and
T cells kill their target.
What is an antigen-presenting cell? -correct answersA cell that shows B cells and T cells what to
attack.
Immunoglobulins -correct answersProteins produced by plasma cells that function as antibodies
to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
Toxins -correct answersPoisonous substances produced by living cells or organisms that can
cause disease or harm to other organisms.
Helper T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response
by activating other immune cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
Suppressor T cells -correct answersAlso known as regulatory T cells, these cells help regulate
and suppress the immune response to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmune
diseases.
Cytotoxic T cells -correct answersA type of T cell that directly kills infected or cancerous cells by
recognizing specific antigens presented on their surfaces.
Plasma cells -correct answersDifferentiated B cells that produce and secrete large volumes of
antibodies in response to an antigen.
Interferons and interleukins -correct answersTypes of cytokines; interferons are proteins that
help cells resist viral infections, while interleukins are involved in communication between white
blood cells to regulate immune responses.
, Removal of the spleen -correct answersThe surgical procedure known as splenectomy, which
involves the removal of the spleen.
Enlargement of the spleen -correct answersA condition known as splenomegaly, where the
spleen becomes larger than normal.
Formation of lymph -correct answersThe process by which interstitial fluid is collected and
transformed into lymph, which is a fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system.
Tumor of the thymus gland -correct answersA growth or neoplasm in the thymus gland, which
can be benign or malignant, often referred to as thymoma.
Inflammation of lymph glands (nodes) -correct answersA condition known as lymphadenitis,
characterized by swelling and tenderness of the lymph nodes due to infection or other causes.
Deficiency of lymph cells -correct answersA condition known as lymphopenia, which is
characterized by a lower than normal number of lymphocytes in the blood.
Pertaining to poison -correct answersThe term 'toxic' refers to substances that are harmful or
lethal to living organisms.
Disease of lymph glands (nodes) -correct answersA condition affecting the lymph nodes, often
referred to as lymphadenopathy, which can indicate infection, malignancy, or other diseases.
What is Kaposi's Sarcoma? -correct answersA malignant condition associated with AIDS
characterized by purplish skin nodules.
What is HIV? -correct answersHuman Immunodeficiency Virus; the retrovirus that causes AIDS.
