Animal Func ons Are Based On -correct answersPeople's Observa ons.
Body Organiza on -correct answersCells (the func onal units)
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Whole Body
Body Organiza ons -correct answers2 pictures in notes.
Anterior/Cranial -correct answersIn front of or towards the front
Distal -correct answersFar away from (usually from the spinal column).
Lateral -correct answersTo the side.
Medial -correct answersSituated in the middle.
Posterior (Caudal) -correct answersBehind; towards the tail.
Ventral -correct answersAbdominal; near the abdominal wall.
,Dorsal -correct answersOn or near the spinal column.
Proximal -correct answersClosest to the given point (opposite of distal).
External Environment -correct answersGaseous
Internal Environment -correct answersAqueous, fluid filled spaces.
Intracellular, inters al, and circulatory system.
Intracellular -correct answersWithin cells. 45% of body weight.
Inters al -correct answersBetween cells. 17% of body weight.
Circulatory System (blood plasma) -correct answers6% of body weight.
Equilibrium -correct answersChanged affect fluid balance.
Homeostasis -correct answersThe combina on of body mechanisms that causes the body to
maintain an equilibrium (rela vely constant) internal environment.
Systems Involved in Regula ng Body Func ons -correct answersCirculatory
Respiratory
Urinary
Diges ve
Muscular
,Nervous
Endocrine
Circulatory System -correct answersPermits exchange of nutrients, hormones, gases, etc.
Nervous System -correct answersMakes adjustments to maintain equilibrium. Contains
receptors.
Receptors -correct answersDetect changes in environment.
External - Eyes, ears, etc.
Internal - Detect changes in blood.
Soma c Nervous System -correct answersControls skeletal.
Autonomic Nervous System -correct answersControls involuntary.
Branches of Autonomic System -correct answersSympathe c and Parasympathe c.
Sympathe c Nervous System -correct answersEmergency; fight or flight response.
Parasympathe c Nervous System -correct answersAt rest; directs blood to legs so you can run
from bear. Some mes called the rest and digest system. Conserves energy as it slows the heart
rate, increases intes nal and gland ac vity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointes nal
tract.
Previous Experience -correct answersCondi oned Reflex.
, General Rule: When a change in environment (usually external) requires a rapid response or if
required response involved the whole body, the response is usually brought about by the -
correct answersNervous System.
Endocrine System -correct answersSecretes organic substances to be exchanged by the
circulatory system.
Exocrine vs. Endocrine. Exocrine- exi ng. Endocrine-Secre ng.
Gerneal Rule: When a change in environment (usually internal) requires a specific response for
altering cell environment or if the required response takes longer me to occur, the response is
usually brought about by the -correct answersEndocrine System.
Hormones -correct answersA chemical substance secreted by a ductless gland.
2 Types Proteins and Steroids.
Proteins -correct answersBiogenic Amine etc. Amino Acids.
Steroids -correct answersDeriva ves of cholesterol; many reproduc ve hormones. Stored longer
in body. Nervous system controls their release.
Nega ve Feed-back Mechanism -correct answersCentral Nervous System (CNS)
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Another Endocrine Gland
Target organ or ssue.
Change in Chemical Composi on of Blood -correct answersSugar level- insulin or whatever
needs to be secreted.
Body Organiza on -correct answersCells (the func onal units)
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Whole Body
Body Organiza ons -correct answers2 pictures in notes.
Anterior/Cranial -correct answersIn front of or towards the front
Distal -correct answersFar away from (usually from the spinal column).
Lateral -correct answersTo the side.
Medial -correct answersSituated in the middle.
Posterior (Caudal) -correct answersBehind; towards the tail.
Ventral -correct answersAbdominal; near the abdominal wall.
,Dorsal -correct answersOn or near the spinal column.
Proximal -correct answersClosest to the given point (opposite of distal).
External Environment -correct answersGaseous
Internal Environment -correct answersAqueous, fluid filled spaces.
Intracellular, inters al, and circulatory system.
Intracellular -correct answersWithin cells. 45% of body weight.
Inters al -correct answersBetween cells. 17% of body weight.
Circulatory System (blood plasma) -correct answers6% of body weight.
Equilibrium -correct answersChanged affect fluid balance.
Homeostasis -correct answersThe combina on of body mechanisms that causes the body to
maintain an equilibrium (rela vely constant) internal environment.
Systems Involved in Regula ng Body Func ons -correct answersCirculatory
Respiratory
Urinary
Diges ve
Muscular
,Nervous
Endocrine
Circulatory System -correct answersPermits exchange of nutrients, hormones, gases, etc.
Nervous System -correct answersMakes adjustments to maintain equilibrium. Contains
receptors.
Receptors -correct answersDetect changes in environment.
External - Eyes, ears, etc.
Internal - Detect changes in blood.
Soma c Nervous System -correct answersControls skeletal.
Autonomic Nervous System -correct answersControls involuntary.
Branches of Autonomic System -correct answersSympathe c and Parasympathe c.
Sympathe c Nervous System -correct answersEmergency; fight or flight response.
Parasympathe c Nervous System -correct answersAt rest; directs blood to legs so you can run
from bear. Some mes called the rest and digest system. Conserves energy as it slows the heart
rate, increases intes nal and gland ac vity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointes nal
tract.
Previous Experience -correct answersCondi oned Reflex.
, General Rule: When a change in environment (usually external) requires a rapid response or if
required response involved the whole body, the response is usually brought about by the -
correct answersNervous System.
Endocrine System -correct answersSecretes organic substances to be exchanged by the
circulatory system.
Exocrine vs. Endocrine. Exocrine- exi ng. Endocrine-Secre ng.
Gerneal Rule: When a change in environment (usually internal) requires a specific response for
altering cell environment or if the required response takes longer me to occur, the response is
usually brought about by the -correct answersEndocrine System.
Hormones -correct answersA chemical substance secreted by a ductless gland.
2 Types Proteins and Steroids.
Proteins -correct answersBiogenic Amine etc. Amino Acids.
Steroids -correct answersDeriva ves of cholesterol; many reproduc ve hormones. Stored longer
in body. Nervous system controls their release.
Nega ve Feed-back Mechanism -correct answersCentral Nervous System (CNS)
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
Another Endocrine Gland
Target organ or ssue.
Change in Chemical Composi on of Blood -correct answersSugar level- insulin or whatever
needs to be secreted.
