Exam (elaborations) SCI 101 (SCI 101)

Name: Alexandria Biondo Date: 9/4 Format responses in blue bold font. Student Exploration: Earthquakes 1 – Recording Station Vocabulary (refer to vocab file located on the Gizmo site for definitions): body wave, earthquake, epicenter, fault, focus, P-wave, S-wave, seismic wave, seismogram, seismograph Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Have you ever experienced an earthquake? No i. Earthquakes are usually caused by the sudden movement of rocks along a fault, or fracture, in Earth’s crust. The most famous fault in the U.S. is the San Andreas Fault in California. What major cities are located near the San Andreas Fault? It slices California in two from Cape Mendocino to the Mexican border. Gizmo Warm-up: The Earthquakes 1 – Recording Station Gizmo™ simulates the seismic waves released by an earthquake. To begin, look at the key on the bottom left side of the Gizmo. 1. The epicenter of the earthquake is the point on Earth’s surface closest to the focus, or origin, of the earthquake. A. What symbol represents the epicenter? The Location of the Epicenter is the symbol that represents the Epicenter – Triangle with A B. What symbol represents the recording station? Location of Earthquake is the symbol that represents the Recording Station. 2. Click Play and observe the seismic waves leaving the epicenter of the Earthquake. A. What types of seismic waves are released? P Waves and S Waves B. Look at the Recording station detector on the upper left side of the Gizmo. What happens when the seismic waves hit the recording station? There waves are strengthened and they began to get faster. Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready: • Click Reset ( ). • Check that the Distance from the station to the center of earthquake is 860 km. Introduction: An earthquake releases an enormous amount of energy, which passes through Earth’s interior in the form of body waves. There are two types of body waves: P-waves (primary waves) and S-waves (secondary waves). Scientists study earthquakes with the aid of an instrument called a seismograph. When seismic waves reach the seismograph, a graphical record, or seismogram, is produced. Question: How are P- and S-waves shown on a seismogram? 1. Observe: Click Play, and then click Pause ( ) after the purple P-wave hits the station. A. Look at the upper right corner of the seismogram. At what time did the P-wave hit? 150 s B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? The recording of the earthquake that happened and the time. 2. Observe: Click Play, and then click Pause after the green S-wave hits the station. A. At what time did the S-wave hit? 250 s B. What is shown on the seismogram at this time? At this time, you now can’t see Wave P and The Graph is just know picking up. 3. Describe: Click Play and wait for the vibrations to stop. Suppose you were at the recording station when the earthquake hit. Based on the pattern of waves on the seismogram, what did you experience during the earthquake? At 1st you couldn’t see much vibration until both waves went over the epicenter then the earthquake picked up right away. 4. Explore: Click Reset, and drag the recording station closer to the epicenter. Click Play. A. How does this seismogram differ from the one you first investigated? This earthquake began very erupt and someone wouldn’t have time to prepare for the earthquake. B. What would this earthquake feel like? This earthquake would cause lots of movement on the earth that would be unexpected. This would not be something to be a part of. ..................................................CONTINUED................................