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Bio notes

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My personal hand written notes for bio 223/224 anatomy & physiology

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Osteoblasts build bone andmature into
Cartilage Osteocytes whichhelpmaintainbone
Multinucleated osteoclasts breakdownbone
Semi rigid connective tissue
weaker than bone but more
flexible and resiliant 3 cell types
mature cartilage is avascular
Osteoblasts
cells 1 44ape
Chondroblast build Osteocytes Helpmaintainbone
Produces cartilage matrix
Osteoclasts breaksdownbone
Chondrocytes
cartilage cell surroundedbymatrix
Osteoblasts
Are cuboidal to columnar cells found in the
inner Periosteum Endosteum
Derived from flattened Osteogenic cells
Performbonedepositionprocess which thenthey secrete the
organic matrix aid in formation of the inorganic matrix
Become surrounded and trapped
by secreted bone matrixin Lacuna
Oncethis happens becomes


osteocytes
Secrete chemicals requiredfor maintaing ECM
Recruit osteoblasts to build up bone undertension

Osteoclasts
Resemblejellyfish
Large multinucleated cells derivedfromfusionof cells formed
in bone marrow
In shallow depressions on internal or externalsurfaces of bone
BoneResorption processbreaksdowntheboneECM
They dothis by secretinghydrogenions and enzymes
from ruffled border
Hydorgenions create an acidicenvironment that dissolvesinorganic matrix
and enzymescatalyzereactions that breakdowninorganicmatrix

, Bone formation
Ossification
The process of bone formation known as Ossification or Osteogenesis
begins during embryonicperiod and forsomebones continue through childhood
Mostbones complete by age 7
2 types intramembranous endochondral
made of hyalinecartilage


boneformedbyboth ossification is an immaturebone called
Primarybone calsified Cartilage
irregularlyarrangedcollagen
bundles abundant osteocytes
a
littleinorganicmatrix fullyformedlamellaew
resorbedbyosteoclasts regularly arranged
collagenbundlesthat
replaced by secondarybone areparallel to one
another
muchstrongerthanprimary
higher ofinorganicm

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Publisher: 2018 ISBN: 9780134754239 Edition: Unknown

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March 1, 2026
Number of pages
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2025/2026
Type
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