NSG 530 STUDY GUIDE Patho Quiz 1 Graded A+.

NSG 530 STUDY GUIDE Patho Quiz 1
Graded A+.




NSG 530 Pathophysiology Quiz 1 Practice Questions (1-100)
Question 1
Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
A. Cells can produce proteins.
B. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
C. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
D. Cells can synthesize fats.


Correct Answer: C. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: Metabolic absorption is a key cellular function where cells take in
nutrients and other substances from the surrounding environment and use them
for energy production and growth. This is a fundamental characteristic of all cells .


Question 2
Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleolus
D. Lysosome

,Correct Answer: C. Nucleolus
Rationale: The nucleolus, located within the nucleus, is responsible for producing
ribosomes and contains the cell's genetic material (DNA and RNA). Mitochondria
produce energy, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and lysosomes digest cellular
waste .


Question 3
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A. Lysosomes
B. Peroxisomes
C. Ribosomes
D. Oxyhydrosomes


Correct Answer: B. Peroxisomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates, producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as
a byproduct. This process is important for breaking down fatty acids and
detoxifying harmful substances .


Question 4
Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell injury?
A. Ribosome
B. Golgi complex
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosomes


Correct Answer: D. Lysosomes

,Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting cellular
components. When the cell is injured, these enzymes can be released into the
cytoplasm, leading to autodigestion and eventual cell death .


Question 5
What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
A. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
B. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane.
C. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
D. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.


Correct Answer: A. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus,
proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle
to the cell membrane.
Rationale: Protein synthesis follows a specific pathway: DNA is transcribed to
mRNA in the nucleus. mRNA then travels to ribosomes for translation into
protein. The protein is modified in the Golgi apparatus and packaged into
secretory vesicles for transport to the cell membrane for release .


Question 6
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
A. G1
B. S

, C. G2
D. M


Correct Answer: B. S
Rationale: The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when DNA replication
occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of genetic
material. G1 involves cell growth, G2 involves preparation for mitosis, and M is
the mitotic phase .


Question 7
What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
A. Lipids
B. Proteases
C. Proteins
D. Carbohydrates


Correct Answer: C. Proteins
Rationale: Membrane proteins serve multiple functions including acting as
receptors for signaling molecules, forming channels for electrolyte transport, and
functioning as enzymes to drive active pumps such as the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase. Lipids
form the bilayer structure, while carbohydrates often participate in cell
recognition .


Question 8
Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-
mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug
therapy for which human diseases?