BIO 351 MODULE 1 QUIZ | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | EXAM GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells become
irreversibly committed to a particular cell fate? - CORRECT ANSWER -
determination (describes cells that are irreversibly committed to a particular cell
fate)
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type? - CORRECT ANSWER - Specification, determination,
differentiation (cells become specified, then irreversibly determined, and finally
differentiate into a specialized cell type)
As cells move along the continuum from stem cell to differentiated cell which
of the following correctly identifies the properties of a determined cell? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Fate is irreversible (a determined cell is irreversibly
committed to its cell fate)
The diagram shows a nematode embryo at the four cell stage. The EMS cell
normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and
endoderm. Killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of EMS cell
differentiation, which of the following best describes the process taking place? -
CORRECT ANSWER - conditional specification of the EMS cell
Which of the following are TRUE properties of embryonic stem ( ES) cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - They are pluripotent, and will self-renew indefinitely.
Which of the following best defines asymmetric cell division? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mitosis producing unequal daughter cells that ensures stem cell
self-renewal.
,Pick the answer that BEST describes the potential of embryonic stem cells (ES
cells). - CORRECT ANSWER - pluripotential
The _________________________ produce embryonic stem cells by
___________________________ . - CORRECT ANSWER - trophectoderm
cells; asymmetric division
Within the early embryo, the primary heart field develops in response to high
levels of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factor 8
(FGF8) at the rostral end of the embryo. This is an example of which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Morphogen gradient (Morphogen
gradients are formed by signaling molecules that are released from one part of
the embryo to form a gradient. Here, levels of BMPs and FGF8 morphogens
form a gradient that induce the formation of the heart field in the correct place)
You grow mesenchymal cells in Dish A and epidermal cells in Dish B. If you
take the liquid medium only (containing no cells) from Dish A and place some
of it into the liquid medium covering the epidermal cells in Dish B, you notice
that it causes the epidermal cells to round up and thicken. What developmental
concept does this example best describe? - CORRECT ANSWER - Induction
of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from mesenchymal cells (the epithelial
cells are being induced by the mesenchymal cells. Since there is no cell to cell
contact, the signaling is paracrine, not juxtacrine)
The normal morphogen gradient in a limb bud is shown in the diagram below
on the left. The panel on the right shows the levels of morphogen after a bead
soaked with SHH is transplanted into the rostral side of a limb bud. Which of
the following (A-E) best describes the expected pattern of digits? - CORRECT
ANSWER - B
During eye development, a region of the developing brain grows outwards to be
adjacent to the surface ectoderm. These two tissues then differentiate into the
retina and lens, respectively. Placing a piece of aluminum foil between these
two tissues blocks both of these differentiation processes. However, placing a
piece of permeable membrane allows both processes to proceed.
, Based on these observations, what type of signaling is taking place? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Paracrine- inducer released from a distance (the mode
of signaling is paracrine0
The diagram below shows an example of juxtacrine signaling. Cell-cell contact
is mediated through the __________ ligand on the inducing cell and
___________receptor on the responding cell in this pathway. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Delta, Notcht
In the signaling diagram on the below, the ligand binds to a ________ . Fill in
the blank. - CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor tyrosine kinase
Wnts play an important role in promoting EMT in developing neural crest
progenitors. What is the receptor for secreted Wnts? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Frizzled
Application of FGF8 coated beads induce limb mesenchymal cell proliferation.
In contrast, FGF8 coated beads implanted on the epidermis of the back do not
promote proliferation. This experiment provides an excellent example of which
of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Competence
What would skin fibroblasts become if you induced expression of Oct4
(Pou5tf), Myc, Klf4, and Sox2? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs)
Signaling between endosteal osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in
the bone marrow niche are necessary for which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Maintenance of HSC potency and proliferation
Which of the following best describes the most important properties of the
Yamanaka factors for iPSC generation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneering
transcription factors expressed in ES cells.
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS | EXAM GRADED A+ | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells become
irreversibly committed to a particular cell fate? - CORRECT ANSWER -
determination (describes cells that are irreversibly committed to a particular cell
fate)
Which of the following is the correct order of developmental steps leading to a
specialized cell type? - CORRECT ANSWER - Specification, determination,
differentiation (cells become specified, then irreversibly determined, and finally
differentiate into a specialized cell type)
As cells move along the continuum from stem cell to differentiated cell which
of the following correctly identifies the properties of a determined cell? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Fate is irreversible (a determined cell is irreversibly
committed to its cell fate)
The diagram shows a nematode embryo at the four cell stage. The EMS cell
normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm and
endoderm. Killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of EMS cell
differentiation, which of the following best describes the process taking place? -
CORRECT ANSWER - conditional specification of the EMS cell
Which of the following are TRUE properties of embryonic stem ( ES) cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER - They are pluripotent, and will self-renew indefinitely.
Which of the following best defines asymmetric cell division? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Mitosis producing unequal daughter cells that ensures stem cell
self-renewal.
,Pick the answer that BEST describes the potential of embryonic stem cells (ES
cells). - CORRECT ANSWER - pluripotential
The _________________________ produce embryonic stem cells by
___________________________ . - CORRECT ANSWER - trophectoderm
cells; asymmetric division
Within the early embryo, the primary heart field develops in response to high
levels of bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factor 8
(FGF8) at the rostral end of the embryo. This is an example of which of the
following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Morphogen gradient (Morphogen
gradients are formed by signaling molecules that are released from one part of
the embryo to form a gradient. Here, levels of BMPs and FGF8 morphogens
form a gradient that induce the formation of the heart field in the correct place)
You grow mesenchymal cells in Dish A and epidermal cells in Dish B. If you
take the liquid medium only (containing no cells) from Dish A and place some
of it into the liquid medium covering the epidermal cells in Dish B, you notice
that it causes the epidermal cells to round up and thicken. What developmental
concept does this example best describe? - CORRECT ANSWER - Induction
of epithelial cells by paracrine signaling from mesenchymal cells (the epithelial
cells are being induced by the mesenchymal cells. Since there is no cell to cell
contact, the signaling is paracrine, not juxtacrine)
The normal morphogen gradient in a limb bud is shown in the diagram below
on the left. The panel on the right shows the levels of morphogen after a bead
soaked with SHH is transplanted into the rostral side of a limb bud. Which of
the following (A-E) best describes the expected pattern of digits? - CORRECT
ANSWER - B
During eye development, a region of the developing brain grows outwards to be
adjacent to the surface ectoderm. These two tissues then differentiate into the
retina and lens, respectively. Placing a piece of aluminum foil between these
two tissues blocks both of these differentiation processes. However, placing a
piece of permeable membrane allows both processes to proceed.
, Based on these observations, what type of signaling is taking place? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Paracrine- inducer released from a distance (the mode
of signaling is paracrine0
The diagram below shows an example of juxtacrine signaling. Cell-cell contact
is mediated through the __________ ligand on the inducing cell and
___________receptor on the responding cell in this pathway. - CORRECT
ANSWER - Delta, Notcht
In the signaling diagram on the below, the ligand binds to a ________ . Fill in
the blank. - CORRECT ANSWER - Receptor tyrosine kinase
Wnts play an important role in promoting EMT in developing neural crest
progenitors. What is the receptor for secreted Wnts? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Frizzled
Application of FGF8 coated beads induce limb mesenchymal cell proliferation.
In contrast, FGF8 coated beads implanted on the epidermis of the back do not
promote proliferation. This experiment provides an excellent example of which
of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER - Competence
What would skin fibroblasts become if you induced expression of Oct4
(Pou5tf), Myc, Klf4, and Sox2? - CORRECT ANSWER - induced pluripotent
stem cells (iPSCs)
Signaling between endosteal osteoblasts and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in
the bone marrow niche are necessary for which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Maintenance of HSC potency and proliferation
Which of the following best describes the most important properties of the
Yamanaka factors for iPSC generation? - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneering
transcription factors expressed in ES cells.
