C165 Integrated Physical Sciences Final Exam Study Notes Guide | Accurate & Verified Answers to Pass Actual Exam

C165 Integrated Physical Sciences Final Exam Study Notes Guide | Accurate & Verified Answers to

Pass Actual Exam

C165 – Integrated Physical Sciences
Comprehensive Study Notes & Guide



1. Scientific Inquiry

Term Definition Notes / Caution



Observation Using senses/tools to gather info Start of scientific
method



Hypothesis Testable prediction Always testable and
falsifiable



Theory Well-supported explanation from More robust than a
repeated experiments hypothesis



Law Statement describing consistent Does not explain why,
natural phenomena only what



Independent Factor you change “I change it”
Variable



Dependent Factor you measure “Data you collect”
Variable



Control Factors kept constant Prevents bias
Variable


Remember!:

Law ≠ Theory: A law describes; a theory explains.
Hypothesis ≠ Guess: It’s evidence-informed and testable.

, 2 physics
Wave Spectrum Overview

Wave Type Wavelength Frequency/ Use / Danger
Energy



Radio Longest Lowest Communication



Microwave Longer than Low-med Cooking, radar
infrared



Infrared Slightly longer than Medium Heat imaging
visible



Visible Medium Medium ROYGBIV spectrum
Light



Ultraviolet Shorter than visible Higher Sunburn, sterilization
(UV)



X-Rays Short High Medical imaging



Gamma Shortest Highest Cancer treatment,
Rays nuclear decay


Gamma Rays

Shortest λ (wavelength), highest f (frequency), highest E (energy).
Produced in nuclear decay, supernovae.
Can damage cells → sterilization or cancer treatment.
Memorize: Real Men Invented Very Unique X-ray Glasses → Radio → Microwave →
Infrared → Visible → UV → X-ray → Gamma.




Light Rays & Behavior

Term Definition Notes