C165 Final Exam Note Sheet Key Concepts in Physics & Chemistry | Accurate & Verified Answers to
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Observational – uncontrolled, not in lab Theory – statement explaining observations
Hypothesis – testable statement Law – supported by evidence, repeat experiments
Elastic – goes back to original shape Inelastic – sticks together
Compound – chemical w/ different types of atoms Element/Pure – 1 atom
WATER IS A MOLECULE, A CHEMICAL COMPOUND
Mixture – combo of pure substances (salt water)
Gravitational – Increases with mass/height
Elastic – Stretched springs, rubber bands
Chem – Chem bonds in a subst, foods/fuels
Thermal – Motions of atoms/molecules (temp)
Kinetic – any moving object, more mass=more energy
Mech Waves – (Longitudinal Waves like Sound Waves) Travel faster NO VACUUM
Electro Wave – (Transv) - Gamma, Xray, UV, Vis Light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio Wave VACUUM
Microwav – cell phone, Ultraviolet – Sterilization, Currency check, Radio waves – tv, radio
Gamma – cancer, checking shipments
Electrons (-) OUTSIDE Valence - OUTERMOST Proton/Neutron (no charge) INSIDE
Law of Cons Matter – total mass MUST EQUAL all used ALWAYS GRAVITY / FRICTION
Solid – vibrate in a fixed shape, packed closely, low energy
Liquid – slide past, close together (not fixed) Gas – lots of energy, move rapidly (not fixed)
Ionic: - + attracted to - Covalent - share electrons Metallic – sea of electrons
PHYSICAL ALTERS APPEAR, BUT IS SAME (chopping wood, melting ice)
CHEMICAL COMBO RESULTS IN NEW SUBSTANCE (burning wood, mixing chemicals)
Metals – GOOD CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY/HEAT Nonmetals – POOR CONDUCTORS
Metalloids – Semiconductors
EVAPORATION – LIQUID TO A GAS CONDENSATION – reverse (frost on window)
River valley – erodes rock beneath it as it flows, V VALLEYS
River Meander – sediment eroded & deposited on other side, S SHAPE
Sedimentary – made of weathered particles Igneous – formed by lava/magma
Metamorphic – changed from original form
Rock Cycle: SEDIMENTARY (both arrows pointing to) IGNEOUS (right) METAM (left)
Convergent – pushing together Divergent – apart, magma fills Transform – grinding past
Volcanoes – convergent/divergent Earthquakes – convergent
Tropo- dense/ weather Strato (30mi) – ozone Thermo – ISS Exo – thin/ outer space
Precipitation – falls, Infiltration – soaks into ground, Runoff – falls but doesn’t soak
High pressure: clear, Low pressure: cloudy, hot day cold night
Atmospheric pressure INCR as Humidity DECR Air pressure DECR w/ temp & humid
Wind strength = diff in air press prevail travel straight
Water: hydro dam, Geothermal: uses the earth, Biomass: plants/animals
Police Radar – RADIO Bone – GAMMA Rocket – continues @ 20,000kmph
Soap Scum – OBS Store – OBS Kepler – LAW
Golf Cart – Chemical & Mechanical Ball – Kinetic & Gravitational
Absorb Energy – WINDSHIELD DENSE PARTICLES – Nuclear Fusion – Gravity - Kinetic
Neptune & Saturn (rock/ice) have RINGS BENZENE – loses energy, solid, release heat
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Observational – uncontrolled, not in lab Theory – statement explaining observations
Hypothesis – testable statement Law – supported by evidence, repeat experiments
Elastic – goes back to original shape Inelastic – sticks together
Compound – chemical w/ different types of atoms Element/Pure – 1 atom
WATER IS A MOLECULE, A CHEMICAL COMPOUND
Mixture – combo of pure substances (salt water)
Gravitational – Increases with mass/height
Elastic – Stretched springs, rubber bands
Chem – Chem bonds in a subst, foods/fuels
Thermal – Motions of atoms/molecules (temp)
Kinetic – any moving object, more mass=more energy
Mech Waves – (Longitudinal Waves like Sound Waves) Travel faster NO VACUUM
Electro Wave – (Transv) - Gamma, Xray, UV, Vis Light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio Wave VACUUM
Microwav – cell phone, Ultraviolet – Sterilization, Currency check, Radio waves – tv, radio
Gamma – cancer, checking shipments
Electrons (-) OUTSIDE Valence - OUTERMOST Proton/Neutron (no charge) INSIDE
Law of Cons Matter – total mass MUST EQUAL all used ALWAYS GRAVITY / FRICTION
Solid – vibrate in a fixed shape, packed closely, low energy
Liquid – slide past, close together (not fixed) Gas – lots of energy, move rapidly (not fixed)
Ionic: - + attracted to - Covalent - share electrons Metallic – sea of electrons
PHYSICAL ALTERS APPEAR, BUT IS SAME (chopping wood, melting ice)
CHEMICAL COMBO RESULTS IN NEW SUBSTANCE (burning wood, mixing chemicals)
Metals – GOOD CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY/HEAT Nonmetals – POOR CONDUCTORS
Metalloids – Semiconductors
EVAPORATION – LIQUID TO A GAS CONDENSATION – reverse (frost on window)
River valley – erodes rock beneath it as it flows, V VALLEYS
River Meander – sediment eroded & deposited on other side, S SHAPE
Sedimentary – made of weathered particles Igneous – formed by lava/magma
Metamorphic – changed from original form
Rock Cycle: SEDIMENTARY (both arrows pointing to) IGNEOUS (right) METAM (left)
Convergent – pushing together Divergent – apart, magma fills Transform – grinding past
Volcanoes – convergent/divergent Earthquakes – convergent
Tropo- dense/ weather Strato (30mi) – ozone Thermo – ISS Exo – thin/ outer space
Precipitation – falls, Infiltration – soaks into ground, Runoff – falls but doesn’t soak
High pressure: clear, Low pressure: cloudy, hot day cold night
Atmospheric pressure INCR as Humidity DECR Air pressure DECR w/ temp & humid
Wind strength = diff in air press prevail travel straight
Water: hydro dam, Geothermal: uses the earth, Biomass: plants/animals
Police Radar – RADIO Bone – GAMMA Rocket – continues @ 20,000kmph
Soap Scum – OBS Store – OBS Kepler – LAW
Golf Cart – Chemical & Mechanical Ball – Kinetic & Gravitational
Absorb Energy – WINDSHIELD DENSE PARTICLES – Nuclear Fusion – Gravity - Kinetic
Neptune & Saturn (rock/ice) have RINGS BENZENE – loses energy, solid, release heat
