BU486 Final Exam Question and
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Data structuring - correct answer ✔The process of changing the organization and relationships among
data fields and data tables.
Aggregate data - correct answer ✔Presenting data in a summarized form. When data is aggregated,
information is lost
Data joining - correct answer ✔Combining information from different tables into a single table.
Data pivoting - correct answer ✔Rotating data from rows to columns.
Data standardization - correct answer ✔Standardizing the structure and meaning of each data
element/cell so that they can be used for data analyses
Cryptic data values - correct answer ✔Data items that have no apparent meaning without
understanding the coding scheme (e.g., country code and product code).
Data consistency - correct answer ✔Ensuring every value in a field is stored in the same way.
Data parsing - correct answer ✔Separating data from a single field into multiple fields.
Data concatenation - correct answer ✔Combining of data from multiple fields into a single field.
Data validation - correct answer ✔Analyzing data to make sure it is of high-quality. One needs to
continuously validate the data before, during, and while finalizing the data transformation process.
, Visual inspection (eye-balling): - correct answer ✔examining data using human vision to see if there are
problems
Basic statistical tests - correct answer ✔You could use descriptive statistics, histogram, scatter plot, z-
values, etc.
Audit a (random) sample - correct answer ✔Auditing a sample of data points to ensure quality and
consistency
Machine learning (ML) - correct answer ✔A form of artificial intelligence that provides computers with
the ability to learn without being explicitly (Rule based) programmed.
information overload - correct answer ✔A condition in which information inflow exceeds an
individual's processing capacity
Value of information - correct answer ✔the benefit provided by information less the cost of producing
it
Basic business processes - correct answer ✔Revenue
Expenditure
Production
Payroll
Financing
Accounting Information System - correct answer ✔The system of collecting and processing transaction
data and communicating financial information to decision-makers.
answers 100% correct 2025/2026
Data structuring - correct answer ✔The process of changing the organization and relationships among
data fields and data tables.
Aggregate data - correct answer ✔Presenting data in a summarized form. When data is aggregated,
information is lost
Data joining - correct answer ✔Combining information from different tables into a single table.
Data pivoting - correct answer ✔Rotating data from rows to columns.
Data standardization - correct answer ✔Standardizing the structure and meaning of each data
element/cell so that they can be used for data analyses
Cryptic data values - correct answer ✔Data items that have no apparent meaning without
understanding the coding scheme (e.g., country code and product code).
Data consistency - correct answer ✔Ensuring every value in a field is stored in the same way.
Data parsing - correct answer ✔Separating data from a single field into multiple fields.
Data concatenation - correct answer ✔Combining of data from multiple fields into a single field.
Data validation - correct answer ✔Analyzing data to make sure it is of high-quality. One needs to
continuously validate the data before, during, and while finalizing the data transformation process.
, Visual inspection (eye-balling): - correct answer ✔examining data using human vision to see if there are
problems
Basic statistical tests - correct answer ✔You could use descriptive statistics, histogram, scatter plot, z-
values, etc.
Audit a (random) sample - correct answer ✔Auditing a sample of data points to ensure quality and
consistency
Machine learning (ML) - correct answer ✔A form of artificial intelligence that provides computers with
the ability to learn without being explicitly (Rule based) programmed.
information overload - correct answer ✔A condition in which information inflow exceeds an
individual's processing capacity
Value of information - correct answer ✔the benefit provided by information less the cost of producing
it
Basic business processes - correct answer ✔Revenue
Expenditure
Production
Payroll
Financing
Accounting Information System - correct answer ✔The system of collecting and processing transaction
data and communicating financial information to decision-makers.
