PCC Exam 2, 2026 – Law & Ethics Study and Practice
Material
primary - correct answer ✔✔ Caring is _______
-Caring determines what matters to a person.
-Caring helps you provide patient-centered care.
Patient's perspective of caring - correct answer ✔✔ -When patients sense that health care
providers are sensitive, sympathetic, compassionate, and interested in them as people, they
usually become active partners in the plan of care.
-Patients value the affective dimension of nursing care
-Connecting with patients and their families
-Being present
-Respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices
we preserve their dignity - correct answer ✔✔ What do we do when we care for others? (hint:
preserve it)
self-care - correct answer ✔✔ we need to recognize the importance of what part of caring?
presence - correct answer ✔✔ Providing _________ is a person-to-person encounter conveying
a closeness and sense of caring.
-Nursing ________ is the connectedness between the nurse and patient
-Being with and being there: includes physical presence, communication and understanding
[empathy]
-Body language
,-Listening
-Eye contact
-Tone of voice
-Positive and encouraging attitude - correct answer ✔✔ Principles of presence (6)
through active listening - correct answer ✔✔ how do you begin to truly know your patients and
what is important to them?
spiritual health - correct answer ✔✔ What is achieved when a person can find a balance
between his life values, goals, and belief symptoms and those of others?
spirituality - correct answer ✔✔ What offers a sense of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and
transpersonal connectedness?
intrapersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ is when persons are connected to themselves
[mind]
interpersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ exists when one is connected with others and
the environment [body]
transpersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ exists when one is connected with God, an
unseen force, or a higher power [spirit]
-Task-oriented biomedical model
-Institutional demands
-Time constraints
-Reliance on technology, cost-effective strategies, and standardized work processes - correct
answer ✔✔ 4 challenges of caring
,holistic & humanistic - correct answer ✔✔ If health care is to make a positive difference in
patients' lives, health care must become more ________and __________
D. assess the patient's emotional needs. [by assessing emotional needs, you are also doing A,B,
& C - correct answer ✔✔ When a nurse enters a patient's room and says "Good morning"
before starting care, the nurse combines nursing tasks and conversation. An important aspect of
care for the nurse to remember is the need to:
A. establish a relationship.
B. gather assessment data.
C. treat discomforts quickly.
D. assess the patient's emotional needs.
C. a sense of presence - correct answer ✔✔ A female patient has just found a large lump in her
breast. The physician needs to perform a breast biopsy. The nurse helps the patient into the
proper position and offers support during the biopsy. The nurse is demonstrating:
A. enabling.
B. comforting.
C. a sense of presence.
D. maintaining belief.
strong nursing team - correct answer ✔✔ works together to achieve the best outcomes for
patients
building a nursing team - correct answer ✔✔ Effective team development requires team
building and training, trust, communication, and a workplace that facilitates collaboration.
Patient care units where teamwork is stronger had fewer reports and incidents of missed
nursing care, leading to improved quality and safety of nursing care for patients
, Traditional models
-Team nursing
-Primary nursing
Today's models
-Patient-centered care
-Total patient care
-Case management - correct answer ✔✔ nursing care delivery methods
team nursing - correct answer ✔✔ RN is the leader who leads a team of other RN's, PN's and
Nursing Assistive Personnel (unlicensed personnel UAP) who provide direct patient care
primary nursing - correct answer ✔✔ supports a philosophy regarding nurse and patient
relationships. It is typically not practiced today because of the high cost of an all RN staffing
model.
patient and family centered care - correct answer ✔✔ -mutual partnerships with the patient,
family, and health care team for care.
Core concepts:
Respect and dignity, ensuring that the care provided is given on the basis of the patient's and
family's knowledge, values, beliefs, and cultural backgrounds.
Information sharing, meaning that health care providers communicate and share information so
patients and families receive timely, complete, and accurate information to effectively
participate in care and decision making.
Participation, whereby the patients and families are encouraged and supported in participating
in care and decision making.
Collaboration, demonstrated by the health care leaders collaborating with patients and families
in policy and program development, implementation, and evaluation, and patients who are fully
engaged in their health care
Material
primary - correct answer ✔✔ Caring is _______
-Caring determines what matters to a person.
-Caring helps you provide patient-centered care.
Patient's perspective of caring - correct answer ✔✔ -When patients sense that health care
providers are sensitive, sympathetic, compassionate, and interested in them as people, they
usually become active partners in the plan of care.
-Patients value the affective dimension of nursing care
-Connecting with patients and their families
-Being present
-Respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices
we preserve their dignity - correct answer ✔✔ What do we do when we care for others? (hint:
preserve it)
self-care - correct answer ✔✔ we need to recognize the importance of what part of caring?
presence - correct answer ✔✔ Providing _________ is a person-to-person encounter conveying
a closeness and sense of caring.
-Nursing ________ is the connectedness between the nurse and patient
-Being with and being there: includes physical presence, communication and understanding
[empathy]
-Body language
,-Listening
-Eye contact
-Tone of voice
-Positive and encouraging attitude - correct answer ✔✔ Principles of presence (6)
through active listening - correct answer ✔✔ how do you begin to truly know your patients and
what is important to them?
spiritual health - correct answer ✔✔ What is achieved when a person can find a balance
between his life values, goals, and belief symptoms and those of others?
spirituality - correct answer ✔✔ What offers a sense of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and
transpersonal connectedness?
intrapersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ is when persons are connected to themselves
[mind]
interpersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ exists when one is connected with others and
the environment [body]
transpersonal relationship - correct answer ✔✔ exists when one is connected with God, an
unseen force, or a higher power [spirit]
-Task-oriented biomedical model
-Institutional demands
-Time constraints
-Reliance on technology, cost-effective strategies, and standardized work processes - correct
answer ✔✔ 4 challenges of caring
,holistic & humanistic - correct answer ✔✔ If health care is to make a positive difference in
patients' lives, health care must become more ________and __________
D. assess the patient's emotional needs. [by assessing emotional needs, you are also doing A,B,
& C - correct answer ✔✔ When a nurse enters a patient's room and says "Good morning"
before starting care, the nurse combines nursing tasks and conversation. An important aspect of
care for the nurse to remember is the need to:
A. establish a relationship.
B. gather assessment data.
C. treat discomforts quickly.
D. assess the patient's emotional needs.
C. a sense of presence - correct answer ✔✔ A female patient has just found a large lump in her
breast. The physician needs to perform a breast biopsy. The nurse helps the patient into the
proper position and offers support during the biopsy. The nurse is demonstrating:
A. enabling.
B. comforting.
C. a sense of presence.
D. maintaining belief.
strong nursing team - correct answer ✔✔ works together to achieve the best outcomes for
patients
building a nursing team - correct answer ✔✔ Effective team development requires team
building and training, trust, communication, and a workplace that facilitates collaboration.
Patient care units where teamwork is stronger had fewer reports and incidents of missed
nursing care, leading to improved quality and safety of nursing care for patients
, Traditional models
-Team nursing
-Primary nursing
Today's models
-Patient-centered care
-Total patient care
-Case management - correct answer ✔✔ nursing care delivery methods
team nursing - correct answer ✔✔ RN is the leader who leads a team of other RN's, PN's and
Nursing Assistive Personnel (unlicensed personnel UAP) who provide direct patient care
primary nursing - correct answer ✔✔ supports a philosophy regarding nurse and patient
relationships. It is typically not practiced today because of the high cost of an all RN staffing
model.
patient and family centered care - correct answer ✔✔ -mutual partnerships with the patient,
family, and health care team for care.
Core concepts:
Respect and dignity, ensuring that the care provided is given on the basis of the patient's and
family's knowledge, values, beliefs, and cultural backgrounds.
Information sharing, meaning that health care providers communicate and share information so
patients and families receive timely, complete, and accurate information to effectively
participate in care and decision making.
Participation, whereby the patients and families are encouraged and supported in participating
in care and decision making.
Collaboration, demonstrated by the health care leaders collaborating with patients and families
in policy and program development, implementation, and evaluation, and patients who are fully
engaged in their health care
