NUR 440 – Exam 2 Study Guide – [ODU] – Academic Year
[2025/2026] – Core Nursing Concepts and Clinical Practice
Definitions of Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. women
-Historical - reproductive function (can women be in home)
-Current - holistic; interactions between social factors, habits, and physiology
2. men
-Historical - ability to work
-Current - holistic; interaction between biological, social, and behavioral factors
What diseases are PREVALENT among WOMEN? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Cardiovascular disease
-Women are more likely than men to die from their first myocardial infarction.
-Why?
-women at high risk to die from heart attack d/t different s/s (overlooking jaw/shoulder pain),
estrogen, fatigue—> more non specific, smaller arteries-> more likely to clog, more likely to
have other co morbidities (diabetes)
-estrogen is very cardiac protectant (keeps cholesterol levels down, no high bp—> post
menopause need to be screened)
2. Cancer Types?
-breast, lung (causes most deaths), skin (#1), ovarian, cervical, endometrial
3. Diabetes
-effects almost 9% of population (hispanics, latinos, african americans more at risks than
caucasian)
4. Mental health
-depression 2-3x more common in women then men (at least reported)
-men are more successful in attempting suicide due to using more lethal means, but women
attempt more
,Facts about Morbidity among Women - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Higher morbidity rates, especially
for debilitating and chronic diseases
2. More use of health services
3. More hospitalizations and surgeries
4. More reported depression, stress
5. More domestic violence
-domestic violence largest cause of injury to women between 15-44
6. More disabilities
7. morbidity: diseases
8. women are sicker than men with diseases
Other Common Acute Illnesses in Women - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Urinary tract infection and
dysuria
2. Diseases of the reproductive tract
-Vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-STI or different infection
3. Chronic diseases
-Coronary vascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis,
osteoporosis, and cancer (breast, lung, gynecological)
4. Mental disorders and stress
Reproductive Health Concerns - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Nutrition
-Includes total life nutritional experience
2. Dysmenorrhea
-painful menstruation
3. Family planning
-Includes fertility control and infertility
,-Need multiple safe options designed to meet the individual needs of all women
4. STIs, HIV, and AIDS
-Women need age-appropriate STI prevention, education, and counseling.
-Worldwide, AIDS is a leading cause of death among young women.
Disparities and Social Issues Impacting Women's Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Health care
access
2. Lack of reproductive education over the lifespan
-might not have had sex ed yet in school-> prenatal care is huge
3. Education and work
-esp hard for single women
4. Wage inequalities
5. Multiple roles between career and caregiving
-single moms are poorest aggregate
What diseases are PREVALENT among MEN? (pg. 347) - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Cardiovascular
disease
-men have no estrogen protection (cholesterol may present at younger age)
2. Cancers
-Types?
-lung, skin, prostate, colon cancer
3, Unintentional injuries
-Why?
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Causes of death vary most by RACE
-top 3-5 of what is impacting men and women
, Facts about Morbidity among Men - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Men tend to perceive themselves to
be in better health than do women.
-old school thought: health seen as a commodity, only for anything that gets in the way of
work/ADLs
-medical tx may interfere w work, don't want to be perceived as sick/weak
2. Higher morbidity rates for conditions that lead to death
3. Women are more likely to be ill, whereas men are at greater risk for death.
4. Admitted "sicker" to hospitals
-Delay medical treatment then are sicker when they do seek health care, therefore they require
more intensive medical care.
Disparities and Social Issues Impacting Men's Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Few men's health
specialists
2. Biological factors
-No estrogen production. Increased cholesterol
3. Gender socialization
-Avoidance of being labeled as "sick" or "weak"
-put emphasis on men being assertive, riskier
4. Reluctance to see preventive care and treatment
5. Delayed use/less use of healthcare services
6. More frequent use of emergency services
Other Barriers to Healthcare Impacting Men - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Access to care:
-Time and location of services
-proximity to work place, convenience
2. Financial considerations
[2025/2026] – Core Nursing Concepts and Clinical Practice
Definitions of Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. women
-Historical - reproductive function (can women be in home)
-Current - holistic; interactions between social factors, habits, and physiology
2. men
-Historical - ability to work
-Current - holistic; interaction between biological, social, and behavioral factors
What diseases are PREVALENT among WOMEN? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Cardiovascular disease
-Women are more likely than men to die from their first myocardial infarction.
-Why?
-women at high risk to die from heart attack d/t different s/s (overlooking jaw/shoulder pain),
estrogen, fatigue—> more non specific, smaller arteries-> more likely to clog, more likely to
have other co morbidities (diabetes)
-estrogen is very cardiac protectant (keeps cholesterol levels down, no high bp—> post
menopause need to be screened)
2. Cancer Types?
-breast, lung (causes most deaths), skin (#1), ovarian, cervical, endometrial
3. Diabetes
-effects almost 9% of population (hispanics, latinos, african americans more at risks than
caucasian)
4. Mental health
-depression 2-3x more common in women then men (at least reported)
-men are more successful in attempting suicide due to using more lethal means, but women
attempt more
,Facts about Morbidity among Women - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Higher morbidity rates, especially
for debilitating and chronic diseases
2. More use of health services
3. More hospitalizations and surgeries
4. More reported depression, stress
5. More domestic violence
-domestic violence largest cause of injury to women between 15-44
6. More disabilities
7. morbidity: diseases
8. women are sicker than men with diseases
Other Common Acute Illnesses in Women - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Urinary tract infection and
dysuria
2. Diseases of the reproductive tract
-Vaginitis, vulvovaginitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-STI or different infection
3. Chronic diseases
-Coronary vascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis,
osteoporosis, and cancer (breast, lung, gynecological)
4. Mental disorders and stress
Reproductive Health Concerns - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Nutrition
-Includes total life nutritional experience
2. Dysmenorrhea
-painful menstruation
3. Family planning
-Includes fertility control and infertility
,-Need multiple safe options designed to meet the individual needs of all women
4. STIs, HIV, and AIDS
-Women need age-appropriate STI prevention, education, and counseling.
-Worldwide, AIDS is a leading cause of death among young women.
Disparities and Social Issues Impacting Women's Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Health care
access
2. Lack of reproductive education over the lifespan
-might not have had sex ed yet in school-> prenatal care is huge
3. Education and work
-esp hard for single women
4. Wage inequalities
5. Multiple roles between career and caregiving
-single moms are poorest aggregate
What diseases are PREVALENT among MEN? (pg. 347) - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Cardiovascular
disease
-men have no estrogen protection (cholesterol may present at younger age)
2. Cancers
-Types?
-lung, skin, prostate, colon cancer
3, Unintentional injuries
-Why?
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity
6. Causes of death vary most by RACE
-top 3-5 of what is impacting men and women
, Facts about Morbidity among Men - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Men tend to perceive themselves to
be in better health than do women.
-old school thought: health seen as a commodity, only for anything that gets in the way of
work/ADLs
-medical tx may interfere w work, don't want to be perceived as sick/weak
2. Higher morbidity rates for conditions that lead to death
3. Women are more likely to be ill, whereas men are at greater risk for death.
4. Admitted "sicker" to hospitals
-Delay medical treatment then are sicker when they do seek health care, therefore they require
more intensive medical care.
Disparities and Social Issues Impacting Men's Health - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Few men's health
specialists
2. Biological factors
-No estrogen production. Increased cholesterol
3. Gender socialization
-Avoidance of being labeled as "sick" or "weak"
-put emphasis on men being assertive, riskier
4. Reluctance to see preventive care and treatment
5. Delayed use/less use of healthcare services
6. More frequent use of emergency services
Other Barriers to Healthcare Impacting Men - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Access to care:
-Time and location of services
-proximity to work place, convenience
2. Financial considerations
