NUR 440 – Medical-Surgical Exam 1 Study Guide – [ODU] – Academic
Year [2025/2026] – Foundations of Medical-Surgical Nursing
A- 0.9% sodium chloride - correct answer ✔✔ A client present to the emergency department
and reports vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The nurse anticipates which fluid
therapy initially?
A- 0.9% sodium chloride
B- Dextrose 10% in water
C- Dextrose and 0.45% NS
D- 0.45% sodium chloride
A- It may be caused by virus toxins
C- One environment factor is lack of exercise
D- It accounts for 5%-10% of all types of diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is providing care
to a client who has type 1 diabetes. The nurse should understand which of the following
regarding type 1 diabetes? Select all that apply.
A- It may be caused by virus toxins
B- Islet cell antibodies are not present at onset
C- One environment factor is lack of exercise
D- It accounts for 5%-10% of all types of diabetes
E- Person with type 1 may be thin, normal, or obese
A- Sodium gain
C- Excess water loss
, E- Inadequate water intake - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is performing an admission
assessment on a client. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a cause for
elevated serum sodium? Select all that apply
A- Sodium gain
B- Water excess
C- Excess water loss
D- Massive cell destruction
E- Inadequate water intake
D- Lispro (Humalog) - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a
long history of diabetes and is being admitted to the emergency department confused, flushed
and with acetone odor on breath. Diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected. The nurse should
anticipate using which of the following types of insulin to treat this client?
A- NPH (Humulin N)
B- Glargine (Lantus)
C- Detemir (Levemir)
D- Lispro (Humalog)
A- Insulin necessary to unlock receptor sites
B- Skeletal muscles have specific receptors for insulin
C- Adipose tissues have specific receptors for insulin
D- Counter-regulatory hormones enhance effects of insulin - correct answer ✔✔ The nurse is
administering insulin to a patient with diabetes. Which of the following is true regarding normal
glucose and insulin metabolism? Select all that apply.
A- Insulin necessary to unlock receptor sites
Year [2025/2026] – Foundations of Medical-Surgical Nursing
A- 0.9% sodium chloride - correct answer ✔✔ A client present to the emergency department
and reports vomiting and diarrhea for the past 48 hours. The nurse anticipates which fluid
therapy initially?
A- 0.9% sodium chloride
B- Dextrose 10% in water
C- Dextrose and 0.45% NS
D- 0.45% sodium chloride
A- It may be caused by virus toxins
C- One environment factor is lack of exercise
D- It accounts for 5%-10% of all types of diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is providing care
to a client who has type 1 diabetes. The nurse should understand which of the following
regarding type 1 diabetes? Select all that apply.
A- It may be caused by virus toxins
B- Islet cell antibodies are not present at onset
C- One environment factor is lack of exercise
D- It accounts for 5%-10% of all types of diabetes
E- Person with type 1 may be thin, normal, or obese
A- Sodium gain
C- Excess water loss
, E- Inadequate water intake - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is performing an admission
assessment on a client. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a cause for
elevated serum sodium? Select all that apply
A- Sodium gain
B- Water excess
C- Excess water loss
D- Massive cell destruction
E- Inadequate water intake
D- Lispro (Humalog) - correct answer ✔✔ A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a
long history of diabetes and is being admitted to the emergency department confused, flushed
and with acetone odor on breath. Diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected. The nurse should
anticipate using which of the following types of insulin to treat this client?
A- NPH (Humulin N)
B- Glargine (Lantus)
C- Detemir (Levemir)
D- Lispro (Humalog)
A- Insulin necessary to unlock receptor sites
B- Skeletal muscles have specific receptors for insulin
C- Adipose tissues have specific receptors for insulin
D- Counter-regulatory hormones enhance effects of insulin - correct answer ✔✔ The nurse is
administering insulin to a patient with diabetes. Which of the following is true regarding normal
glucose and insulin metabolism? Select all that apply.
A- Insulin necessary to unlock receptor sites
