NURS 440 – Midterm Exam Study Guide – [ODU] – Academic Year
[2025/2026] – Core Nursing Concepts and Clinical Practice
Poverty is the strongest determinant of: - correct answer ✔✔ health, societal wellbeing, literacy
levels, crime and safety, social cohesion, solidarity, general wellbeing
T/F Widespread injustice is more likely and possible in countries with weak and corrupt
governments. - correct answer ✔✔ true
Economic poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Caused by low productivity and a poor resource base, it
is reflected in low income, poor nutrition, and, inevitably, poor health
Instant and temporary poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Sudden hazards such as earthquakes,
drought, and war can cause instant poverty in an area. Some of these may be relatively short-
lived
new poor - correct answer ✔✔ •Imposed national austerity measures or high inflation may
precipitate poverty in a significant percentage of a country by eroding income and savings.
hidden poverty - correct answer ✔✔ •Examples include retirees living on small pensions who
might have adequate shelter and food, but who lack sufficient extra income to heat their houses
or seek health care.
absolute poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Such people are deprived of all the elements necessary
to make an adequately healthy life. They lack access to safe water, shelter, or security and are
more likely to remain in that condition despite improvements in society brought on by better
market conditions.
3 components of the Human Development Index (HDI) - correct answer ✔✔ •Education,
, •Average income, and
•Life expectancy at birth.
Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index - correct answer ✔✔ •longevity,
educational achievement, and various measures of a decent standard of living, such as access to
clean water.
Why is human flourishing important? - correct answer ✔✔ •it promotes the growth,
development, and holistic well-being of individuals and populations. It serves as a moral basis
for what it means to be a human being.
T/F A significant contributing factor to poverty is the enormous debt burden carried by
developing countries - correct answer ✔✔ true
critical social theory - correct answer ✔✔ focuses on reflective assessment and critique of
society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power structures
- it argues that social problems stem more from social structures and cultural assumptions than
from individuals
basic tenets of critical social theory - correct answer ✔✔ 1. People have the power to change
their world
2. Knowledge of the social world is value laden
3. Reason and critique are inseparable
4. Theory and practice must be interconnected
5. Reason and critique must be reflexive in practice
Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) - correct answer ✔✔ •time spent suffering from ill health or
disability is discounted by a subjective factor. •Assesses the amount of healthy life lived by
multiplying years with ill health or disability by the subjective factor
[2025/2026] – Core Nursing Concepts and Clinical Practice
Poverty is the strongest determinant of: - correct answer ✔✔ health, societal wellbeing, literacy
levels, crime and safety, social cohesion, solidarity, general wellbeing
T/F Widespread injustice is more likely and possible in countries with weak and corrupt
governments. - correct answer ✔✔ true
Economic poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Caused by low productivity and a poor resource base, it
is reflected in low income, poor nutrition, and, inevitably, poor health
Instant and temporary poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Sudden hazards such as earthquakes,
drought, and war can cause instant poverty in an area. Some of these may be relatively short-
lived
new poor - correct answer ✔✔ •Imposed national austerity measures or high inflation may
precipitate poverty in a significant percentage of a country by eroding income and savings.
hidden poverty - correct answer ✔✔ •Examples include retirees living on small pensions who
might have adequate shelter and food, but who lack sufficient extra income to heat their houses
or seek health care.
absolute poverty - correct answer ✔✔ Such people are deprived of all the elements necessary
to make an adequately healthy life. They lack access to safe water, shelter, or security and are
more likely to remain in that condition despite improvements in society brought on by better
market conditions.
3 components of the Human Development Index (HDI) - correct answer ✔✔ •Education,
, •Average income, and
•Life expectancy at birth.
Components of the Multidimensional Poverty Index - correct answer ✔✔ •longevity,
educational achievement, and various measures of a decent standard of living, such as access to
clean water.
Why is human flourishing important? - correct answer ✔✔ •it promotes the growth,
development, and holistic well-being of individuals and populations. It serves as a moral basis
for what it means to be a human being.
T/F A significant contributing factor to poverty is the enormous debt burden carried by
developing countries - correct answer ✔✔ true
critical social theory - correct answer ✔✔ focuses on reflective assessment and critique of
society and culture in order to reveal and challenge power structures
- it argues that social problems stem more from social structures and cultural assumptions than
from individuals
basic tenets of critical social theory - correct answer ✔✔ 1. People have the power to change
their world
2. Knowledge of the social world is value laden
3. Reason and critique are inseparable
4. Theory and practice must be interconnected
5. Reason and critique must be reflexive in practice
Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) - correct answer ✔✔ •time spent suffering from ill health or
disability is discounted by a subjective factor. •Assesses the amount of healthy life lived by
multiplying years with ill health or disability by the subjective factor
