NURS 440 – Final Exam Review – [ODU] – Academic Year [2025/2026]
– Comprehensive Nursing Concepts and Practice
How might one define global health? Why study global health? - correct answer ✔✔ a. An area
for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity
in health for all people worldwide
b. To appreciate:
i. Some progress has been made
ii. Challenges still remain
iii. Diseases are not limited by national boundaries
iv. There are disparities among groups
v. The health-development link
vi. Need for co-operation and collaboration within and between nation states
What are some examples of global issues? Which ones do you think are the most crucial? -
correct answer ✔✔ a. Antimicrobial resistance
b. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases
c. TB
d. Malaria
e. HIV
f. Double burden of disease
g. Maternal-child mortality
h. Increasing rates of diabetes and heart disease
g. climate crisis
food security and climate crisis (affects not only humans, but the ecosystem in which we live)
,What are the SDGs and how do they relate to health? - correct answer ✔✔ GOAL 1 : No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
Only goal 3 directly concerns health, all other 16 SDGs are indirectly related to health.
How would you improve on the SDGs? - correct answer ✔✔ SIGN THE W.A.S.H. ... Water,
sanitation, and hygiene
PROVIDE A HEALTHY WORKPLACE
REVIEW YOUR SUPPLY CHAIN AND IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES.
Give to Projects that Support the SDGs.
INVEST IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
,ENCOURAGE 'REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE'
How do the SDGs differ from the MDGs? - correct answer ✔✔ - Overarching goal of the SDGs is
to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" (p. 8). The goal of MDGs was
to "reduce extreme poverty by 2015."
- "The transition from the MDGs to the SDGs is premised on building a sustainable world where
environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic development are equally valued (p.
7)."
- The MDGs have promoted health and well-being in many countries, but progress towards
achieving the MDGs was uneven.
- The MDGs had amazing strides (e.g., half of the world population lived on $1.25 a day in 1990,
but this dropped to 14% by 2005); however, they left out issues such as disasters, conflict
situations, the epidemic of non-communicable diseases, mental health disorders, and large
inequities in all parts of the world (p. 7-8)
- SDGs addressed many of these shortcomings and position a new all-inclusive goal with a broad
set of targets for the MDGs
- Unlike the MDGs, which only targets the developing countries, the SDGs apply to all countries
whether rich, middle or poor countries. The SDGs are also nationally-owned and country-led,
wherein each country is given the freedom to establish a national framework in achieving the
SDGs.
- MDGs were prepared by only a few stakeholders without adequate involvement by developing
countries and overlooked development objectives previously agreed upon and not
appropriately adapted to national needs
What are the MDGs - correct answer ✔✔ i. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
ii. Achieve universal primary education
iii. Promote gender equality
iv. Reduce child mortality
v. Improve maternal health
vi. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
vii. To ensure environmental sustainability
, viii. Develop a global partnership for development
What is health equity? How does accomplishing the SDGs help to achieve health equity? -
correct answer ✔✔ - Health equity is created when individuals have the fair opportunity to
reach their fullest health potential. No one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential
because of social position or other socially determined circumstances
- SDG 3 aspires to ensure health and well-being for all, including a bold commitment to end the
epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030. It also aims
to achieve universal health coverage, and provide access to safe and effective medicines and
vaccines for all.
What is the relationship between poverty and health? - correct answer ✔✔ - Root cause of
hunger and death from infectious disease
- Major contributor to crime, unsafe housing, and a large number of other deadly deprivations
- Wherever there is widespread poverty, there will inevitably be inequity and injustice as two of
the principal contributory issues
What key factors determine personal health? - correct answer ✔✔ Genetics, behaviour,
environmental and physical influences, medical care, and societal factors
How do human rights abuses relate to global health? - correct answer ✔✔ - a set of rights
afforded to individuals on the basis of being human, that is, irrespective of national citizenship,
gender, ethnicity, or other traits
- discrimination and oppression based on gender occurs and health is compromised. It is now
realized that peace and prosperity depend on a fundamental foundation of benign governance
that respects the rights of individuals
Why is malnutrition considered an element of global health? - correct answer ✔✔ 795 million
people suffering from malnutrition. Death from starvation has largeely been replaced by chronic
malnutrition, which sap the energy and the potential of huge numbers of the world's
population. Malnutrition increases mortality from diseases such as gastroenteritis and measles
– Comprehensive Nursing Concepts and Practice
How might one define global health? Why study global health? - correct answer ✔✔ a. An area
for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity
in health for all people worldwide
b. To appreciate:
i. Some progress has been made
ii. Challenges still remain
iii. Diseases are not limited by national boundaries
iv. There are disparities among groups
v. The health-development link
vi. Need for co-operation and collaboration within and between nation states
What are some examples of global issues? Which ones do you think are the most crucial? -
correct answer ✔✔ a. Antimicrobial resistance
b. Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases
c. TB
d. Malaria
e. HIV
f. Double burden of disease
g. Maternal-child mortality
h. Increasing rates of diabetes and heart disease
g. climate crisis
food security and climate crisis (affects not only humans, but the ecosystem in which we live)
,What are the SDGs and how do they relate to health? - correct answer ✔✔ GOAL 1 : No Poverty
GOAL 2: Zero Hunger
GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being
GOAL 4: Quality Education
GOAL 5: Gender Equality
GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy
GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
GOAL 13: Climate Action
GOAL 14: Life Below Water
GOAL 15: Life on Land
GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions
GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal
Only goal 3 directly concerns health, all other 16 SDGs are indirectly related to health.
How would you improve on the SDGs? - correct answer ✔✔ SIGN THE W.A.S.H. ... Water,
sanitation, and hygiene
PROVIDE A HEALTHY WORKPLACE
REVIEW YOUR SUPPLY CHAIN AND IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES.
Give to Projects that Support the SDGs.
INVEST IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
,ENCOURAGE 'REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE'
How do the SDGs differ from the MDGs? - correct answer ✔✔ - Overarching goal of the SDGs is
to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" (p. 8). The goal of MDGs was
to "reduce extreme poverty by 2015."
- "The transition from the MDGs to the SDGs is premised on building a sustainable world where
environmental sustainability, social inclusion, and economic development are equally valued (p.
7)."
- The MDGs have promoted health and well-being in many countries, but progress towards
achieving the MDGs was uneven.
- The MDGs had amazing strides (e.g., half of the world population lived on $1.25 a day in 1990,
but this dropped to 14% by 2005); however, they left out issues such as disasters, conflict
situations, the epidemic of non-communicable diseases, mental health disorders, and large
inequities in all parts of the world (p. 7-8)
- SDGs addressed many of these shortcomings and position a new all-inclusive goal with a broad
set of targets for the MDGs
- Unlike the MDGs, which only targets the developing countries, the SDGs apply to all countries
whether rich, middle or poor countries. The SDGs are also nationally-owned and country-led,
wherein each country is given the freedom to establish a national framework in achieving the
SDGs.
- MDGs were prepared by only a few stakeholders without adequate involvement by developing
countries and overlooked development objectives previously agreed upon and not
appropriately adapted to national needs
What are the MDGs - correct answer ✔✔ i. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
ii. Achieve universal primary education
iii. Promote gender equality
iv. Reduce child mortality
v. Improve maternal health
vi. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
vii. To ensure environmental sustainability
, viii. Develop a global partnership for development
What is health equity? How does accomplishing the SDGs help to achieve health equity? -
correct answer ✔✔ - Health equity is created when individuals have the fair opportunity to
reach their fullest health potential. No one is disadvantaged from achieving this potential
because of social position or other socially determined circumstances
- SDG 3 aspires to ensure health and well-being for all, including a bold commitment to end the
epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases by 2030. It also aims
to achieve universal health coverage, and provide access to safe and effective medicines and
vaccines for all.
What is the relationship between poverty and health? - correct answer ✔✔ - Root cause of
hunger and death from infectious disease
- Major contributor to crime, unsafe housing, and a large number of other deadly deprivations
- Wherever there is widespread poverty, there will inevitably be inequity and injustice as two of
the principal contributory issues
What key factors determine personal health? - correct answer ✔✔ Genetics, behaviour,
environmental and physical influences, medical care, and societal factors
How do human rights abuses relate to global health? - correct answer ✔✔ - a set of rights
afforded to individuals on the basis of being human, that is, irrespective of national citizenship,
gender, ethnicity, or other traits
- discrimination and oppression based on gender occurs and health is compromised. It is now
realized that peace and prosperity depend on a fundamental foundation of benign governance
that respects the rights of individuals
Why is malnutrition considered an element of global health? - correct answer ✔✔ 795 million
people suffering from malnutrition. Death from starvation has largeely been replaced by chronic
malnutrition, which sap the energy and the potential of huge numbers of the world's
population. Malnutrition increases mortality from diseases such as gastroenteritis and measles
