1 for specific request mail
ESL 154 Questions | Accurate & Verified Answers to
Pass Actual Exam
Phonology
Ans: the study of speech sounds in language; how sounds are organized
and used in natural languages
Morphology
Ans: Units of meaning involved in word formation
Assignment Expert
Syntax
Ans: Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
Guru01 - Stuvia
Semantics
Ans: Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words,
and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
2026
Pragmatics
Ans: Appropriate use of language in different contexts; social use of
©
language
What are two examples of critical components for the second language
learner?
Ans: Oral language development and phonological/phonemic awareness
ELLs need ____________________ of L2 before they can make connections
between letter and sound.
Ans: Phonology
___________________ awareness instruction focuses on the sounds in
spoken language. It is auditory and does not involve print.
Ans: Phonological
, 2 for specific request mail
Target Sound
Ans: Sound to be transcribed
An English language learner is experiencing difficulty with an aspect of
English phonology. In order to address a difficulty in this area, the
student's teacher should initially focus instruction on what?
Ans: The associated target sound
Phoneme
Ans: The smallest distinctive sound unit
Assignment Expert
What are some best practices strategies to promote literacy development
for ELLs?
Guru01 - Stuvia
Ans: Teach phonics in context
Use hands on activities to help teach letter-sound relationships
2026
Have students write for sound
Help students make a connection between their L1 and English.
©
The approach of teachers making students see them writing down their
exact words to reinforce their understanding of the relationship between
written and oral language trains students to...?
Ans: Write for sound - they learn to represent words phonetically in their
writing
Content Based Instruction + 3 Models
Ans: CBI: requires students to practice language skills in a highly
integrated, communicative way while learning content
3 Models:
, 3 for specific request mail
1) theme-based - language skills are integrated in the study of themes or
broad topics
2) adjunct - language and content courses are taught separately but
closely coordinated
3) sheltered - English is simplified to ELL's level of proficiency while
teaching content
Why is combining sentences to make complex sentences an important
exercise to help ESL students advance in their writing abilities?
Assignment Expert
Ans: Most of the sentences used in writing or in continuous speech are
complex.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Literal comprehension
Ans: Understanding of the basic facts that the student has read; grasping
and interpreting text
2026
Inferential comprehension
Ans: Understanding of information that isn't explicitly given, but rather
©
implied in a written passage. (make predictions); make inferences
What are sentence stems and why are they used?
Ans: Sentence starters followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in speaking or writing
without the added pressure of thinking about how to correctly formulate
a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for ELLs. Stems
help with proper sentence structure. They help build an understanding of
syntactic structure
, 4 for specific request mail
Decoding
Ans: Reader's ability to use knowledge of the relationships between
letters in print and the speech sounds they represent in order to identify
an unfamiliar word.
Word roots
Ans: Main words or parts to which prefixes and suffixes can be added
Affixes
Ans: Parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word
to create new words.
Assignment Expert
Alphabetic Principle
Guru01 - Stuvia
Ans: Understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds
of spoken words.
Phonemic Awareness
2026
Ans: Being able to identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/ and /t/.
©
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those sounds
Structural Analysis
Ans: Breaking a word down by isolating its prefixes and suffixes to better
identify the word
Phonics
Ans: Matching the sound of letters to the printed symbols for those
letters.
Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound that letter
makes;
ESL 154 Questions | Accurate & Verified Answers to
Pass Actual Exam
Phonology
Ans: the study of speech sounds in language; how sounds are organized
and used in natural languages
Morphology
Ans: Units of meaning involved in word formation
Assignment Expert
Syntax
Ans: Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences
Guru01 - Stuvia
Semantics
Ans: Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words,
and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
2026
Pragmatics
Ans: Appropriate use of language in different contexts; social use of
©
language
What are two examples of critical components for the second language
learner?
Ans: Oral language development and phonological/phonemic awareness
ELLs need ____________________ of L2 before they can make connections
between letter and sound.
Ans: Phonology
___________________ awareness instruction focuses on the sounds in
spoken language. It is auditory and does not involve print.
Ans: Phonological
, 2 for specific request mail
Target Sound
Ans: Sound to be transcribed
An English language learner is experiencing difficulty with an aspect of
English phonology. In order to address a difficulty in this area, the
student's teacher should initially focus instruction on what?
Ans: The associated target sound
Phoneme
Ans: The smallest distinctive sound unit
Assignment Expert
What are some best practices strategies to promote literacy development
for ELLs?
Guru01 - Stuvia
Ans: Teach phonics in context
Use hands on activities to help teach letter-sound relationships
2026
Have students write for sound
Help students make a connection between their L1 and English.
©
The approach of teachers making students see them writing down their
exact words to reinforce their understanding of the relationship between
written and oral language trains students to...?
Ans: Write for sound - they learn to represent words phonetically in their
writing
Content Based Instruction + 3 Models
Ans: CBI: requires students to practice language skills in a highly
integrated, communicative way while learning content
3 Models:
, 3 for specific request mail
1) theme-based - language skills are integrated in the study of themes or
broad topics
2) adjunct - language and content courses are taught separately but
closely coordinated
3) sheltered - English is simplified to ELL's level of proficiency while
teaching content
Why is combining sentences to make complex sentences an important
exercise to help ESL students advance in their writing abilities?
Assignment Expert
Ans: Most of the sentences used in writing or in continuous speech are
complex.
Guru01 - Stuvia
Literal comprehension
Ans: Understanding of the basic facts that the student has read; grasping
and interpreting text
2026
Inferential comprehension
Ans: Understanding of information that isn't explicitly given, but rather
©
implied in a written passage. (make predictions); make inferences
What are sentence stems and why are they used?
Ans: Sentence starters followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in speaking or writing
without the added pressure of thinking about how to correctly formulate
a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for ELLs. Stems
help with proper sentence structure. They help build an understanding of
syntactic structure
, 4 for specific request mail
Decoding
Ans: Reader's ability to use knowledge of the relationships between
letters in print and the speech sounds they represent in order to identify
an unfamiliar word.
Word roots
Ans: Main words or parts to which prefixes and suffixes can be added
Affixes
Ans: Parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root word
to create new words.
Assignment Expert
Alphabetic Principle
Guru01 - Stuvia
Ans: Understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds
of spoken words.
Phonemic Awareness
2026
Ans: Being able to identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/ and /t/.
©
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those sounds
Structural Analysis
Ans: Breaking a word down by isolating its prefixes and suffixes to better
identify the word
Phonics
Ans: Matching the sound of letters to the printed symbols for those
letters.
Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound that letter
makes;
