326 EXAM 2 TA STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
What is a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -abnormal neurons firing without a clear cause
What factors can put an infant at risk for intracranial regulation problems - CORRECT
ANSWER -birth injury, CNS defects, infection
What is intracranial regulation - CORRECT ANSWER -Mechanisms and conditions that
impact intracranial processing and function
What factors put adults at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -injury, tumor/neoplasm, infection, drug withdrawal, electrolyte
imbalance, stroke, sepsis
What factors put children at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -injury, tumors/neoplasm, drugs, infection, high fever secondary to
infection
What factors put older adults at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -chronic disease, CVA, dementia/neurodegenerative disease
What are general risk factors that can put someone at risk for intracranial regulation
problems (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue, insomnia, alcohol use/withdrawal,
inadequate sleep hormonal changes (menses, menopause, puberty, pregnancy), stress
What are the primary prevention measures to decrease incidence of problems with
intracranial regulation (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -Helmets
Improved perinatal care
Diet and exercise
Seatbelts
,Avoid excess alcohol use, fatigue, loss of sleep
Effective stress management
Why is improved perinatal care a primary prevention measure to decrease incidence of
problems with intracranial regulation (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -→ reduced fetal
trauma
What are the phases of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -prodromal, aural, ictal,
postictal
Describe the prodromal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -days leading up to
seizure with warning signs that precede the seizure.
Describe the aural phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -sensory warning that is
similar each time a seizure occurs
minutes - hours before seizure.
Smell things, numbness, auditory hallucinations, deja vu, impending doom
What are examples of warning signs that can occur during the aural phase of a seizure -
CORRECT ANSWER -Smell things, numbness, auditory hallucinations, deja vu,
impending doom
Describe the ictal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -actual seizure
Describe the postictal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -recovery period,
fatigue, exhausted, drained
What part of the brain does a generalized seizure effect - CORRECT ANSWER -impact
both brain hemispheres
,Describe in order the clinical manifestations of a tonic clonic seizure - CORRECT
ANSWER -Loss of consciousness and falling
Stage safe environment at home/work
Body stiffens (tonic) and jerks (clonic)
Cyanosis, excessive salivation, tongue/lip biting
No memory of seizure
Post-ictal general soreness, weak, extremely fatigued
What type of seizure is a tonic clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -generalized
Describe a typical absence seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -Staring spell for a few
seconds, usually goes unnoticed
Brief loss of consciousness, patient unable to recall
May cease or develop into another type
Typical absence seizures usually occur in what age group - CORRECT ANSWER -
Usually occurs in children
How often can typical absence seizures occur if not treated - CORRECT ANSWER -
May occur up to 100x a day if not treated
What type of seizure is a typical absence seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -generalized
What part of the brain do Focal/Partial seizures affect - CORRECT ANSWER -begin in
specific region of cortex
Describe simple focal seizures - CORRECT ANSWER -Simple motor or sensory
phenomena with elementary symptoms
No loss of consciousness
, Lasts less than 1 minute
Describe complex focal seizures - CORRECT ANSWER -Involve behavioral, emotional,
affective, and cognitive function
Alteration in consciousness
Automatism and lip smacking
Followed by post-ictal confusion
What is status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -State of constant seizure or a
condition when seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness
between seizures (> 5 minutes)
Describe components of status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -Neuro emergency
Can involve any type of seizure
The brain uses more energy than supplied
Neurons become exhausted and cease to function
Permanent brain damage can occur
What happens to neurons during status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -Neurons
become exhausted and cease to function
Describe the nursing measures performed during the ictal phase of seizures -
CORRECT ANSWER -Safety precautions, time event started, length of each seizure
phase
Assess airway patency
Protect clients head
Turn client on side, ease to floor
Removal potentially harmful objects
Loosen restrictive clothing
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
What is a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -abnormal neurons firing without a clear cause
What factors can put an infant at risk for intracranial regulation problems - CORRECT
ANSWER -birth injury, CNS defects, infection
What is intracranial regulation - CORRECT ANSWER -Mechanisms and conditions that
impact intracranial processing and function
What factors put adults at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -injury, tumor/neoplasm, infection, drug withdrawal, electrolyte
imbalance, stroke, sepsis
What factors put children at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -injury, tumors/neoplasm, drugs, infection, high fever secondary to
infection
What factors put older adults at risk for intracranial regulation problems(seizures) -
CORRECT ANSWER -chronic disease, CVA, dementia/neurodegenerative disease
What are general risk factors that can put someone at risk for intracranial regulation
problems (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -Fatigue, insomnia, alcohol use/withdrawal,
inadequate sleep hormonal changes (menses, menopause, puberty, pregnancy), stress
What are the primary prevention measures to decrease incidence of problems with
intracranial regulation (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -Helmets
Improved perinatal care
Diet and exercise
Seatbelts
,Avoid excess alcohol use, fatigue, loss of sleep
Effective stress management
Why is improved perinatal care a primary prevention measure to decrease incidence of
problems with intracranial regulation (seizures) - CORRECT ANSWER -→ reduced fetal
trauma
What are the phases of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -prodromal, aural, ictal,
postictal
Describe the prodromal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -days leading up to
seizure with warning signs that precede the seizure.
Describe the aural phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -sensory warning that is
similar each time a seizure occurs
minutes - hours before seizure.
Smell things, numbness, auditory hallucinations, deja vu, impending doom
What are examples of warning signs that can occur during the aural phase of a seizure -
CORRECT ANSWER -Smell things, numbness, auditory hallucinations, deja vu,
impending doom
Describe the ictal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -actual seizure
Describe the postictal phase of a seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -recovery period,
fatigue, exhausted, drained
What part of the brain does a generalized seizure effect - CORRECT ANSWER -impact
both brain hemispheres
,Describe in order the clinical manifestations of a tonic clonic seizure - CORRECT
ANSWER -Loss of consciousness and falling
Stage safe environment at home/work
Body stiffens (tonic) and jerks (clonic)
Cyanosis, excessive salivation, tongue/lip biting
No memory of seizure
Post-ictal general soreness, weak, extremely fatigued
What type of seizure is a tonic clonic seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -generalized
Describe a typical absence seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -Staring spell for a few
seconds, usually goes unnoticed
Brief loss of consciousness, patient unable to recall
May cease or develop into another type
Typical absence seizures usually occur in what age group - CORRECT ANSWER -
Usually occurs in children
How often can typical absence seizures occur if not treated - CORRECT ANSWER -
May occur up to 100x a day if not treated
What type of seizure is a typical absence seizure - CORRECT ANSWER -generalized
What part of the brain do Focal/Partial seizures affect - CORRECT ANSWER -begin in
specific region of cortex
Describe simple focal seizures - CORRECT ANSWER -Simple motor or sensory
phenomena with elementary symptoms
No loss of consciousness
, Lasts less than 1 minute
Describe complex focal seizures - CORRECT ANSWER -Involve behavioral, emotional,
affective, and cognitive function
Alteration in consciousness
Automatism and lip smacking
Followed by post-ictal confusion
What is status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -State of constant seizure or a
condition when seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness
between seizures (> 5 minutes)
Describe components of status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -Neuro emergency
Can involve any type of seizure
The brain uses more energy than supplied
Neurons become exhausted and cease to function
Permanent brain damage can occur
What happens to neurons during status epilecticus - CORRECT ANSWER -Neurons
become exhausted and cease to function
Describe the nursing measures performed during the ictal phase of seizures -
CORRECT ANSWER -Safety precautions, time event started, length of each seizure
phase
Assess airway patency
Protect clients head
Turn client on side, ease to floor
Removal potentially harmful objects
Loosen restrictive clothing
