NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
(CHAMBERLAIN) EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS ON THE FIRST ATTEMPT
1. Which lab finding is most consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI) due to
prerenal causes?
A. Elevated BUN-to-creatinine ratio (>20:1)
B. Low BUN-to-creatinine ratio (<10:1)
C. Hyperkalemia without azotemia
D. Low serum creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI reduces renal perfusion, leading to disproportionately
increased BUN relative to creatinine.
2. Which pathophysiologic mechanism underlies type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon production
D. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated beta-cell destruction
causing absolute insulin deficiency.
,3. Which condition is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and osmotic
diuresis?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DKA features insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, ketone production,
and polyuria.
4. Which electrolyte abnormality is most associated with chronic kidney
disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impaired renal excretion leads to potassium accumulation.
5. Which gastrointestinal disorder is associated with mucosal inflammation
and ulceration in the colon?
A. Crohn disease
B. Ulcerative colitis
C. Irritable bowel syndrome
D. Celiac disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis involves continuous inflammation of the colon
mucosa.
,6. Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulates sodium and
water balance?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention, regulating blood
pressure.
7. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Hypernatremia and alkalosis
B. Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
C. Hypoglycemia with lactic acidosis
D. Hyperglycemia with respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin deficiency causes fat breakdown, ketone production,
hyperglycemia, and acidosis.
8. Which renal disorder is caused by immune complex deposition in the
glomeruli?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immune complexes trigger inflammation and glomerular damage.
, 9. Which endocrine disorder results from excess cortisol production?
A. Addison disease
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Graves disease
D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypercortisolism causes metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunologic
effects.
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen with vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of gastric acid leads to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.
11. Which condition is characterized by sudden, severe, colicky flank pain
radiating to the groin?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Nephrolithiasis
C. Cystitis
D. Hydronephrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney stones cause obstruction and ureteral spasm, producing acute
pain.
(CHAMBERLAIN) EXAM 3 QUESTIONS
AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS ON THE FIRST ATTEMPT
1. Which lab finding is most consistent with acute kidney injury (AKI) due to
prerenal causes?
A. Elevated BUN-to-creatinine ratio (>20:1)
B. Low BUN-to-creatinine ratio (<10:1)
C. Hyperkalemia without azotemia
D. Low serum creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI reduces renal perfusion, leading to disproportionately
increased BUN relative to creatinine.
2. Which pathophysiologic mechanism underlies type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excess glucagon production
D. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes results from immune-mediated beta-cell destruction
causing absolute insulin deficiency.
,3. Which condition is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and osmotic
diuresis?
A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
D. Cushing syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DKA features insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, ketone production,
and polyuria.
4. Which electrolyte abnormality is most associated with chronic kidney
disease?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impaired renal excretion leads to potassium accumulation.
5. Which gastrointestinal disorder is associated with mucosal inflammation
and ulceration in the colon?
A. Crohn disease
B. Ulcerative colitis
C. Irritable bowel syndrome
D. Celiac disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis involves continuous inflammation of the colon
mucosa.
,6. Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulates sodium and
water balance?
A. Cortisol
B. Aldosterone
C. Epinephrine
D. Parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention, regulating blood
pressure.
7. Which laboratory finding is most consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Hypernatremia and alkalosis
B. Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis
C. Hypoglycemia with lactic acidosis
D. Hyperglycemia with respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin deficiency causes fat breakdown, ketone production,
hyperglycemia, and acidosis.
8. Which renal disorder is caused by immune complex deposition in the
glomeruli?
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Polycystic kidney disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Immune complexes trigger inflammation and glomerular damage.
, 9. Which endocrine disorder results from excess cortisol production?
A. Addison disease
B. Cushing syndrome
C. Graves disease
D. Diabetes insipidus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypercortisolism causes metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunologic
effects.
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen with vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loss of gastric acid leads to hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.
11. Which condition is characterized by sudden, severe, colicky flank pain
radiating to the groin?
A. Pyelonephritis
B. Nephrolithiasis
C. Cystitis
D. Hydronephrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney stones cause obstruction and ureteral spasm, producing acute
pain.
