FULL COMSAE 115 LATEST VERSION ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS, 2026 LATEST UPDATE | PDF
Duret haemorrhage - ( ANSWER)-Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding in
the ventral and paramedian parts of the upper brainstem, (midbrain and pons). They
are secondary to raised intracranial pressure with formation of a transtentorial
pressure cone involving the cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) and other midbrain
structures caused by raised pressure above the tentorium.
Kernohan's notch is a groove in the cerebral peduncle that may be caused by this
displacement of the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium. The resulting
ipsilateral hemiparesis is a false localising sign,[3] known as the Kernohan-Woltman
syndrome.[4] This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and
subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass
1mo development - ( ANSWER)-focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound,
turns head to sound
2mo development - ( ANSWER)-Coos, fixe and follow, grasps, smiles responsively,
lifts head, turns head to sound
4mo development - ( ANSWER)-Coos/squeals/laughs, Bears weight, follow 180
degrees, Grasps, Holds head/chest up, holds small toy, no head lag, reaches, rolls
front to back, turns to sound
6mo development - ( ANSWER)-Babbles, bears weight, laughs, pulls to sit, responds
to name, rolls both ways, sits alone, transfers objects
,9 mo development - ( ANSWER)-Babbles, claps/waves/peek-a-boo, creepts/crawls,
cruises, sits up on own, says mama/dada, plays pat-a-cake, Pincer grasp, pulls to
stand, stands with support
12mo development - ( ANSWER)-Cruises, fills/empties containers, sits up on own,
holds up and drinks, imitates words, pincer grasp, stands a lone, turns pages, says 1-
2 words, walks alone
15mo development - ( ANSWER)-Climbs furniture, Dances, jargon, rides toys, stacks
2 object tower, stands alone, scoops and recovers, throws ball, uses cup, uses
spoon, says 4 words, walks well
18mo development - ( ANSWER)-says 8 or more words, feeds self, follows simple
directions, imitates housework, knows 2 or more body parts, names pictures, rides
toys, runs, uses spoon/fork, walks backward, walks up & down stairs
24mo development - ( ANSWER)-2-word sentences, follows 2-step verbal command,
gets along well with fam members, acts worried if parent is sad, helps dress self,
holds cup in one hand, jumps with both feet, kicks a ball, removes clothes, runs,
walks up/down stairs, scribbles, throws overhand
3-yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-3-5 word sentences, balances on one
foot, asks what? why? builds 10-block tower, copies circle and x, counts to 3,
dresses self, knows name/age/gender, pedals tricyle, plays with other kids,
recognizes 3 colors, toilet trained, walks upstairs alternating feet
4-yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-4-5 word sentences, catches ball, cuts
and pastes, draws people, dresses and undresses themselves, enjoy jokes,
jumps/hops, names 4-5 colors, pedals tricycle, plays well with others, walks on
tiptoes
,5yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-counts to 10, draws people with 2-5 body
parts, follows directions, knows address/phone number, knows on/off, over/under,
plays cooperatively, pretend play, prints name, rides bike, skips, speaks
understandably, tells, imaginary stories
Unpasteurized goat cheese - ( ANSWER)-Brucella
Laxative abuse - ( ANSWER)-electrolyte imbalance
severe dehydration
dependency
stretched or "lazy" colon
balantidium coli - ( ANSWER)-protozoa that causes GI infection, ingest cysts thru
infected water or food
produces hyalonuridase and creates ulcers in mucosal walls
Isospora belli - ( ANSWER)-diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, non-bloody diarrhea
Ballottement test - ( ANSWER)-palpating surface of an organ at the surface of the
body
**i.e. during pregnancy, palpating the uterus
Tibial nerve - ( ANSWER)-can be compressed in the tarsal tunnel, roof of which is
flexor retinaculum
Pentoxifylline - ( ANSWER)-used for intermittent claudication and vascular dementia
it changes the shape of RBCs
, Prevotella intermedia - ( ANSWER)-acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
periodontal infections
Prophyromonas gingivalis - ( ANSWER)-gingivitis, periodontal disease
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - ( ANSWER)-another periodontal bug
enterovirus 17 - ( ANSWER)-notable cause of hand, foot and mouth disease
Menkes syndrome - ( ANSWER)-inborn error where body cannot absorb copper
brittle hair, metaphyseal widening
Head and neck - ( ANSWER)-T1-T4
Heart - ( ANSWER)-T1-T5
Resp - ( ANSWER)-T1-T7
Esophagus - ( ANSWER)-T2-T8
Upper GI - ( ANSWER)-T5-T9
What composes the upper GI? - ( ANSWER)-Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, part
of pancreas and duodenum
ANSWERS WITH STUDY GUIDE DETAILED AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS, 2026 LATEST UPDATE | PDF
Duret haemorrhage - ( ANSWER)-Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding in
the ventral and paramedian parts of the upper brainstem, (midbrain and pons). They
are secondary to raised intracranial pressure with formation of a transtentorial
pressure cone involving the cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) and other midbrain
structures caused by raised pressure above the tentorium.
Kernohan's notch is a groove in the cerebral peduncle that may be caused by this
displacement of the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium. The resulting
ipsilateral hemiparesis is a false localising sign,[3] known as the Kernohan-Woltman
syndrome.[4] This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and
subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass
1mo development - ( ANSWER)-focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound,
turns head to sound
2mo development - ( ANSWER)-Coos, fixe and follow, grasps, smiles responsively,
lifts head, turns head to sound
4mo development - ( ANSWER)-Coos/squeals/laughs, Bears weight, follow 180
degrees, Grasps, Holds head/chest up, holds small toy, no head lag, reaches, rolls
front to back, turns to sound
6mo development - ( ANSWER)-Babbles, bears weight, laughs, pulls to sit, responds
to name, rolls both ways, sits alone, transfers objects
,9 mo development - ( ANSWER)-Babbles, claps/waves/peek-a-boo, creepts/crawls,
cruises, sits up on own, says mama/dada, plays pat-a-cake, Pincer grasp, pulls to
stand, stands with support
12mo development - ( ANSWER)-Cruises, fills/empties containers, sits up on own,
holds up and drinks, imitates words, pincer grasp, stands a lone, turns pages, says 1-
2 words, walks alone
15mo development - ( ANSWER)-Climbs furniture, Dances, jargon, rides toys, stacks
2 object tower, stands alone, scoops and recovers, throws ball, uses cup, uses
spoon, says 4 words, walks well
18mo development - ( ANSWER)-says 8 or more words, feeds self, follows simple
directions, imitates housework, knows 2 or more body parts, names pictures, rides
toys, runs, uses spoon/fork, walks backward, walks up & down stairs
24mo development - ( ANSWER)-2-word sentences, follows 2-step verbal command,
gets along well with fam members, acts worried if parent is sad, helps dress self,
holds cup in one hand, jumps with both feet, kicks a ball, removes clothes, runs,
walks up/down stairs, scribbles, throws overhand
3-yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-3-5 word sentences, balances on one
foot, asks what? why? builds 10-block tower, copies circle and x, counts to 3,
dresses self, knows name/age/gender, pedals tricyle, plays with other kids,
recognizes 3 colors, toilet trained, walks upstairs alternating feet
4-yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-4-5 word sentences, catches ball, cuts
and pastes, draws people, dresses and undresses themselves, enjoy jokes,
jumps/hops, names 4-5 colors, pedals tricycle, plays well with others, walks on
tiptoes
,5yr developmental milestones - ( ANSWER)-counts to 10, draws people with 2-5 body
parts, follows directions, knows address/phone number, knows on/off, over/under,
plays cooperatively, pretend play, prints name, rides bike, skips, speaks
understandably, tells, imaginary stories
Unpasteurized goat cheese - ( ANSWER)-Brucella
Laxative abuse - ( ANSWER)-electrolyte imbalance
severe dehydration
dependency
stretched or "lazy" colon
balantidium coli - ( ANSWER)-protozoa that causes GI infection, ingest cysts thru
infected water or food
produces hyalonuridase and creates ulcers in mucosal walls
Isospora belli - ( ANSWER)-diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, non-bloody diarrhea
Ballottement test - ( ANSWER)-palpating surface of an organ at the surface of the
body
**i.e. during pregnancy, palpating the uterus
Tibial nerve - ( ANSWER)-can be compressed in the tarsal tunnel, roof of which is
flexor retinaculum
Pentoxifylline - ( ANSWER)-used for intermittent claudication and vascular dementia
it changes the shape of RBCs
, Prevotella intermedia - ( ANSWER)-acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
periodontal infections
Prophyromonas gingivalis - ( ANSWER)-gingivitis, periodontal disease
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans - ( ANSWER)-another periodontal bug
enterovirus 17 - ( ANSWER)-notable cause of hand, foot and mouth disease
Menkes syndrome - ( ANSWER)-inborn error where body cannot absorb copper
brittle hair, metaphyseal widening
Head and neck - ( ANSWER)-T1-T4
Heart - ( ANSWER)-T1-T5
Resp - ( ANSWER)-T1-T7
Esophagus - ( ANSWER)-T2-T8
Upper GI - ( ANSWER)-T5-T9
What composes the upper GI? - ( ANSWER)-Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, part
of pancreas and duodenum
