NMNC 3110 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Florence Nightingale - Answers Environmental Theory emphasizes that environment impacts
recovery, cleanliness, observation, fresh air, and sanitation.
Virginia Henderson - Answers Needs Theory states that nursing helps patients gain independence in
14 basic needs (e.g., breathing, eating, movement, communication).
Jean Watson - Answers Theory of Caring posits that caring is the foundation of nursing and
emphasizes holistic, compassionate care and nurse self-care.
Patient-Centered Care - Answers Involves respect for preferences, coordination/integration of care,
information sharing, emotional support & comfort, family involvement, and holistic care.
Professional Identity - Answers Thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse, developed through
experience, reflection, and role models.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - Answers Stages include Novice, Advanced Beginner,
Competent, Proficient, and Expert.
ANA - Answers American Nurses Association develops Scope & Standards of Practice with a focus on
ethics, patient-centered care, and professionalism.
ICN - Answers International Council of Nurses sets global standards and advocates for nurses
worldwide.
Integrity - Answers Acting honestly and ethically builds trust with patients.
Compassion - Answers Empathy plus desire to help enhances patient relationships.
Courage - Answers Facing fear or adversity to advocate for patients.
Humility - Answers Modesty and openness to feedback promote growth and teamwork.
Advocacy - Answers Supporting patient rights ensures patient-centered care.
Human Flourishing - Answers Living a fulfilling life supports holistic health.
Autonomy - Answers Making informed decisions respects patient choices.
Competence - Answers Effective skills and knowledge ensure safe care.
Professionhood - Answers Being a professional involves lifelong learning and ethical behavior.
Accountability - Answers Responsibility for actions ensures ethical and safe practice.
Collaboration - Answers Team-based care improves outcomes.
Commitment - Answers Dedication to goals drives quality care.
Critical Thinking - Answers Evaluating evidence, assumptions, and logic using experience and
knowledge to make decisions.
Clinical Reasoning - Answers Applying critical thinking to patient care.
Clinical Judgment - Answers Decision based on reasoning and evidence.
Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model - Answers Includes Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, and
Reflecting.
Delegation - 5 Rights - Answers Includes Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Person, Right
Directions/Communication, and Right Supervision/Evaluation.
The Nursing Process (ADPIE) - Answers Includes Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
and Evaluation.
Types of Data - Answers Subjective data includes patient feelings (pain, fatigue, nausea) while
objective data includes observable/measurable data (vitals, labs, exam results).
Types of Nursing Diagnoses - Answers Includes Problem-Focused (e.g., 'Impaired Mobility'), Risk (e.g.,
'Risk for Infection'), and Health Promotion (e.g., 'Readiness to Learn').
SMART Goals Example - Answers 'Patient will reduce pain from 8 to 3 by 6 PM.'
Ability to care and adapt - Answers The capacity to provide care while adjusting to changing
circumstances.
Good listener - Answers A person who actively engages in hearing and understanding others.
Shows affection - Answers Demonstrates warmth and care towards others.
Accepts responsibility - Answers Willingness to take on duties and obligations.
Advocates for patients - Answers Supports and promotes the interests and needs of patients.
Provides emotional/social support - Answers Offers assistance that addresses emotional and social
needs.
Manages and coordinates care - Answers Organizes and oversees patient care activities.
Caregiver Stress - Answers The physical and emotional strain experienced by caregivers.
Contributing Factors to Caregiver Stress - Answers Elements that increase stress, such as role changes
and lack of respite.
, Signs of Stress - Answers Indicators of stress, including irritability, fatigue, and sleeplessness.
Compassion Fatigue - Answers Burnout due to prolonged exposure to grief/loss, particularly in
caregivers.
Respite Care - Answers Temporary relief for caregivers of patients needing continuous care.
Caring in Nursing - Answers The core idea that caring is essential to excellent nursing practice.
Swanson's 5 Caring Processes - Answers Framework for caring that includes Knowing, Being With,
Doing For, Enabling, and Maintaining Belief.
Ethics of Care - Answers Focuses on relationships, character, and attitude in caregiving.
Ways Nurses Demonstrate Caring - Answers Methods such as presence, touch, listening, and spiritual
care.
Examples of Caring Behaviors - Answers Behaviors that reflect caring, including listening and
presence.
Understanding Touch - Answers Recognizing touch as a form of nonverbal communication that
influences comfort.
Workplace Strategies to Support Caring - Answers Approaches to enhance care, such as improving
scheduling flexibility.
Swanson's Caring Applied - Answers Practical application of Swanson's caring processes in real-life
scenarios.
Acute Pain - Answers Pain with sudden onset lasting less than 3 months.
Chronic Pain - Answers Pain that persists for more than 6 months.
Nociceptive Pain - Answers Pain resulting from damage to body tissue.
Neuropathic Pain - Answers Pain caused by damage to the nervous system.
Breakthrough Pain - Answers Pain that occurs despite treatment for baseline pain.
Pain Assessment Tools - Answers Methods for evaluating pain, including COLDSPA and OPQRST.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions - Answers Pain management strategies that do not involve
medication.
Pharmacological Interventions - Answers Medications used to manage pain, including opioids and
non-opioids.
Tolerance - Answers Reduced effect over time
Physical Dependence - Answers Withdrawal symptoms if stopped
Pseudo-dependence - Answers Appears dependent due to under-treatment
Addiction - Answers Compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite harm
Nausea - Answers Discomfort/urge to vomit
Vomiting (Emesis) - Answers Forceful expulsion from stomach
Projectile Vomiting - Answers Without nausea
Regurgitation - Answers Passive return of undigested food
Anorexia - Answers Loss of appetite
Weight loss - Answers Decrease in body weight
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance - Answers Disruption in the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body
Acidosis/alkalosis - Answers Disturbance in the body's acid-base balance
Decreased plasma volume - Answers Reduction in the volume of plasma in the blood
Circulatory failure - Answers Inadequate blood circulation to meet the body's needs
Partially digested food - Answers Indicates delayed gastric emptying or GI obstruction
Fecal odor or bile - Answers Indicates obstruction below pylorus
Bile only - Answers Indicates obstruction below ampulla of Vater
Bright red blood - Answers Indicates active GI bleed
Coffee-ground emesis - Answers Indicates old gastric bleed
Nursing Diagnoses - Answers Nausea, Vomiting (including projectile and regurgitation),
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance, Impaired nutrition
Goals of Nursing Interventions - Answers Minimize or eliminate nausea/vomiting, Maintain
fluid/electrolyte balance, Normalize nutritional intake
NPO - Answers Nothing by mouth; a dietary restriction
Clear liquids in small sips - Answers Recommended every 15-20 minutes
Formal Leadership Roles - Answers Designated administrative or management positions within
healthcare organizations
Informal Leadership Roles - Answers Recognized by peers for their influence and expertise without
official titles
Florence Nightingale - Answers Environmental Theory emphasizes that environment impacts
recovery, cleanliness, observation, fresh air, and sanitation.
Virginia Henderson - Answers Needs Theory states that nursing helps patients gain independence in
14 basic needs (e.g., breathing, eating, movement, communication).
Jean Watson - Answers Theory of Caring posits that caring is the foundation of nursing and
emphasizes holistic, compassionate care and nurse self-care.
Patient-Centered Care - Answers Involves respect for preferences, coordination/integration of care,
information sharing, emotional support & comfort, family involvement, and holistic care.
Professional Identity - Answers Thinking, acting, and feeling like a nurse, developed through
experience, reflection, and role models.
Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency - Answers Stages include Novice, Advanced Beginner,
Competent, Proficient, and Expert.
ANA - Answers American Nurses Association develops Scope & Standards of Practice with a focus on
ethics, patient-centered care, and professionalism.
ICN - Answers International Council of Nurses sets global standards and advocates for nurses
worldwide.
Integrity - Answers Acting honestly and ethically builds trust with patients.
Compassion - Answers Empathy plus desire to help enhances patient relationships.
Courage - Answers Facing fear or adversity to advocate for patients.
Humility - Answers Modesty and openness to feedback promote growth and teamwork.
Advocacy - Answers Supporting patient rights ensures patient-centered care.
Human Flourishing - Answers Living a fulfilling life supports holistic health.
Autonomy - Answers Making informed decisions respects patient choices.
Competence - Answers Effective skills and knowledge ensure safe care.
Professionhood - Answers Being a professional involves lifelong learning and ethical behavior.
Accountability - Answers Responsibility for actions ensures ethical and safe practice.
Collaboration - Answers Team-based care improves outcomes.
Commitment - Answers Dedication to goals drives quality care.
Critical Thinking - Answers Evaluating evidence, assumptions, and logic using experience and
knowledge to make decisions.
Clinical Reasoning - Answers Applying critical thinking to patient care.
Clinical Judgment - Answers Decision based on reasoning and evidence.
Tanner's Clinical Judgment Model - Answers Includes Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, and
Reflecting.
Delegation - 5 Rights - Answers Includes Right Task, Right Circumstance, Right Person, Right
Directions/Communication, and Right Supervision/Evaluation.
The Nursing Process (ADPIE) - Answers Includes Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
and Evaluation.
Types of Data - Answers Subjective data includes patient feelings (pain, fatigue, nausea) while
objective data includes observable/measurable data (vitals, labs, exam results).
Types of Nursing Diagnoses - Answers Includes Problem-Focused (e.g., 'Impaired Mobility'), Risk (e.g.,
'Risk for Infection'), and Health Promotion (e.g., 'Readiness to Learn').
SMART Goals Example - Answers 'Patient will reduce pain from 8 to 3 by 6 PM.'
Ability to care and adapt - Answers The capacity to provide care while adjusting to changing
circumstances.
Good listener - Answers A person who actively engages in hearing and understanding others.
Shows affection - Answers Demonstrates warmth and care towards others.
Accepts responsibility - Answers Willingness to take on duties and obligations.
Advocates for patients - Answers Supports and promotes the interests and needs of patients.
Provides emotional/social support - Answers Offers assistance that addresses emotional and social
needs.
Manages and coordinates care - Answers Organizes and oversees patient care activities.
Caregiver Stress - Answers The physical and emotional strain experienced by caregivers.
Contributing Factors to Caregiver Stress - Answers Elements that increase stress, such as role changes
and lack of respite.
, Signs of Stress - Answers Indicators of stress, including irritability, fatigue, and sleeplessness.
Compassion Fatigue - Answers Burnout due to prolonged exposure to grief/loss, particularly in
caregivers.
Respite Care - Answers Temporary relief for caregivers of patients needing continuous care.
Caring in Nursing - Answers The core idea that caring is essential to excellent nursing practice.
Swanson's 5 Caring Processes - Answers Framework for caring that includes Knowing, Being With,
Doing For, Enabling, and Maintaining Belief.
Ethics of Care - Answers Focuses on relationships, character, and attitude in caregiving.
Ways Nurses Demonstrate Caring - Answers Methods such as presence, touch, listening, and spiritual
care.
Examples of Caring Behaviors - Answers Behaviors that reflect caring, including listening and
presence.
Understanding Touch - Answers Recognizing touch as a form of nonverbal communication that
influences comfort.
Workplace Strategies to Support Caring - Answers Approaches to enhance care, such as improving
scheduling flexibility.
Swanson's Caring Applied - Answers Practical application of Swanson's caring processes in real-life
scenarios.
Acute Pain - Answers Pain with sudden onset lasting less than 3 months.
Chronic Pain - Answers Pain that persists for more than 6 months.
Nociceptive Pain - Answers Pain resulting from damage to body tissue.
Neuropathic Pain - Answers Pain caused by damage to the nervous system.
Breakthrough Pain - Answers Pain that occurs despite treatment for baseline pain.
Pain Assessment Tools - Answers Methods for evaluating pain, including COLDSPA and OPQRST.
Non-Pharmacological Interventions - Answers Pain management strategies that do not involve
medication.
Pharmacological Interventions - Answers Medications used to manage pain, including opioids and
non-opioids.
Tolerance - Answers Reduced effect over time
Physical Dependence - Answers Withdrawal symptoms if stopped
Pseudo-dependence - Answers Appears dependent due to under-treatment
Addiction - Answers Compulsive drug-seeking behavior despite harm
Nausea - Answers Discomfort/urge to vomit
Vomiting (Emesis) - Answers Forceful expulsion from stomach
Projectile Vomiting - Answers Without nausea
Regurgitation - Answers Passive return of undigested food
Anorexia - Answers Loss of appetite
Weight loss - Answers Decrease in body weight
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance - Answers Disruption in the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body
Acidosis/alkalosis - Answers Disturbance in the body's acid-base balance
Decreased plasma volume - Answers Reduction in the volume of plasma in the blood
Circulatory failure - Answers Inadequate blood circulation to meet the body's needs
Partially digested food - Answers Indicates delayed gastric emptying or GI obstruction
Fecal odor or bile - Answers Indicates obstruction below pylorus
Bile only - Answers Indicates obstruction below ampulla of Vater
Bright red blood - Answers Indicates active GI bleed
Coffee-ground emesis - Answers Indicates old gastric bleed
Nursing Diagnoses - Answers Nausea, Vomiting (including projectile and regurgitation),
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance, Impaired nutrition
Goals of Nursing Interventions - Answers Minimize or eliminate nausea/vomiting, Maintain
fluid/electrolyte balance, Normalize nutritional intake
NPO - Answers Nothing by mouth; a dietary restriction
Clear liquids in small sips - Answers Recommended every 15-20 minutes
Formal Leadership Roles - Answers Designated administrative or management positions within
healthcare organizations
Informal Leadership Roles - Answers Recognized by peers for their influence and expertise without
official titles
