Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Virchow Triad, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Hypercoagulability, Venous Stasis, Thrombus Formation, Duplex Ultrasonography, Contrast Venography, Plethysmography, Anticoagulant Therapy, Thrombolytic Therapy (t-PA), Inferior Vena

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), Virchow Triad, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), Hypercoagulability, Venous Stasis, Thrombus Formation, Duplex Ultrasonography, Contrast Venography, Plethysmography, Anticoagulant Therapy, Thrombolytic Therapy (t-PA), Inferior Vena Cava Filter, Venous Thrombectomy, Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), Atherosclerosis, Intermittent Claudication, Critical Limb Ischemia, The Five P’s (Pain Pallor Paresthesia Pulselessness Poikilothermia), Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), Doppler Studies, Arterial Revascularization, Percutaneous Vascular Intervention, Antiplatelet Therapy, Hemorheologic Agents, Comprehensive Vascular Nursing Management Exam Questions Verified and Complete with A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 ________________________________________ What is venous thrombosis? - Clot (thrombus) formation on the wall of a vein - Results in inflammation and obstruction of venous blood flow - Occurs in a deep vein, typically in a lower extremity What is the Virchow triad? 1. Stasis of blood 2. Vessel damage 3. Increased blood coagulability What is etiology for DVT? (THROMBOSIS) T - Trauma H - Hormones (OCP) R - Road traffic accidents O - Operations (cholecystectomy) M- Malignancy B - Blood disorders O - Obesity, Old age, Orthopedic surgery S - Serious illnesses I - Immobilization S - Splenectomy What are the risk factors for DVT? (9) - Trauma - Pregnancy - OCP - Surgery - Cancer - Orthopedic procedures - A fib - Acute MI - Ischemic stroke What are the clinical manifestations of DVT? (9) - Calf pain with walking or standing - Tenderness - Swelling - Warmth - Erythema - Cyanosis - Palpable cord - Visible surface of leg veins - Leg fatigue What are diagnostic tests for DVT? (4) - Duplex venous ultrasonography - Plethysmography - MRI - Ascending contrast venography What is plethysmography? - Non-invasive test that measures changes in blood flow - Most effective with superficial veins What is duplex venous ultrasonography? Non-invasive method to visualize the vein and measure blood flow velocity What is an MRI? - Non-invasive detection of DVT - Useful in detection of thrombosis of deep veins What is an ascending contrast venography? - Invasive - Utilizes contrast medium - Most accurate diagnostic tool What is prophylaxis for DVT? - Medications - Positioning - Mobilization - Compression How would a nurse position a DVT patient? Elevated leg with flexion at the knee What is pharmacology for DVT? - Anticoagulants - Fibrinolytic: t-PA - NSAIDs What types of surgery for DVT? - Venous thrombectomy - Filter insertion What type of clinical therapy for DVT? - Warm compresses - Bed rest - Elevation of lower extremity - Avoid prolonged sitting & leg crossing What are nursing priorities for DVT? - Prevention - Perfusion - Pain - Mobility - Medication safety What is arterial obstruction? - Change in natural blood flow - Systemic atherosclerosis What are the 4 stages of PAD? 1. Asymptomatic 2. Claudication 3. Rest pain 4. Necrosis What occurs during the asymptotic stage of PAD? - No claudication - Weak or absent pulses