For Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update, 8th Edition By Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen

Test Bank
For Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update, 8th Edition By Jenni Punt,
Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen




Wickyaplus stuvia

, Chapter 01 x




1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the
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instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to
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be CORRECT?
x x




CORRECT ANSWER: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an antigen,
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


the cell becomes activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and secrete more copies of the receptor).
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The instructional theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory
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was shown to be correct.
x x x x x




2. Often, serendipity plays a role in significant scientific discoveries. In your own words, explain how
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
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CORRECT ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short supply. He
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challenged groups of chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were previously exposed to an
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attenuated version of cholera bacteria. Only the previously exposed animals were protected from a new
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challenge, which led to the use of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
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3. Despite its having been eradicated on a global scale, smallpox is presently considered a potential
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bioterrorism threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.
x x x x x x x x x




CORRECT ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs largely ended. As
x x x x x x x x x x x


populations continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing percentage of the human population
x x x x x x x x x x x x x


remains unvaccinated and thus, is still susceptible to the disease.
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4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising
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incidence of autism. If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the
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rate of autism once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?
x x x x x x x x x




CORRECT ANSWER: One would reasonably expect a decrease in the rate of autism. However, cases of
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


autism continued to rise after thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001.
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5. Given the discovery and development of effective antibiotics, make an argument for the continued use
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of vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.
x x x x x x x x x x x




CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for prevention.
x x x x x x x x x x x x


Antibiotic treatment is not foolproof (considering the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance). Vaccines
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are a preventative measure, and prevention is the gold standard for infectious disease control measures.
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,6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following question: "Why do I
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need the flu shot every year, but don't need an annual chickenpox vaccine?" As a student of
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immunology, how would you explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x


answer.
x




CORRECT ANSWER: The virus that causes the flu changes every year - as a result, a new flu vaccine
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must be prepared each year based on a predication of the most common forms of the virus likely to be
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encountered. Vaccines are specific in the type of pathogen against which they protect, and protection
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against one type does not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
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7. Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the
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development of B cells.
x x x x




CORRECT ANSWER: A benefit is having the capacity to recognize and respond to diverse pathogens as
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they evolve. A drawback is that some recognition receptors could potentially recognize and target host
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antigens.
x




8. A portion of our immune systems' white blood cells is constantly circulating throughout the body via
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circulation and lymphatics. What is the benefit of such circulation?
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CORRECT ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more comprehensive
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surveillance of the body for the presence of potential pathogens. A significant portion of the human body
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is constantly exposed to potential microbial pathogens.
x x x x x x x




9. Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immune responses.
x x x x x x x x x x x x




Innate Immunity x Adaptive Immunity x




xIs mediated by what cells?
x x x x




What do they recognize?
x x x




How are the receptors encoded?
x x x x




Why can't they control all infections alone?
x x x x x x




What do they do in response to antigen?
x x x x x x x x

, CORRECT ANSWER: x


Adaptive
Innate Immunity x x
Immunit
y
Macrophages, NK x
Is mediated by
x x T cells and B
x x x
cells, neutrophils,
x x
what cells?
x x cells x
x mast cells eosinophils x x



What do they x x Specific
Pathogen patterns x x
recognize?
x epitope
s
How are the x x

Rearranged
receptors Germ line x
gene segments x
encoded?
Why can't they x x
Pathogens evolve x Takes too long x x
control all
x x
escape x to develop x x
infections x
mechanisms x
alone? x
Produce
What do they do x x x antibodies, kill
x x
Engulf and destroy, x x
in response to
x x x infected cells
x x
induce x
antigen? x
inflammation x




10. What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone
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experiencing an inflammatory response.
x x x x




CORRECT ANSWER: Redness, swelling, heat, pain. Someone experiencing inflammation might have
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localized swelling and redness or itching or may be experiencing faintness due to a lowering of blood
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pressure if more severe.
x x x x




11. Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be
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immune from future bites of the same species?
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CORRECT ANSWER: In the short-term, probably, as the serum contains protective antibodies against
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the venom. In the long-term, no, as serum treatment is a form of passive immunity. Passive immunity
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does not generate long-lived memory cells.
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12. Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.
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CORRECT ANSWER: A common feature is that they both are used to recognize foreign antigens. A B-
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cell receptor is more selective than a PRR. The DNA that encodes for a PRR in an individual is
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inherited. The DNA that encodes for a mature B-cell receptor from an individual is not passed on to
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offspring.
xx