Table of Contents
MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 1.................................................................................................................2
MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 2...............................................................................................................14
MODULE 9 EXAM STUDY GUIDE........................................................................................................23
, MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 1
1. Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Hyperpigmentation
B. Hypotension
C. Weight loss
D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: D. Hyperglycemia
Rationale:
Addison’s disease is a chronic adrenal insufficiency leading to decreased
cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in hypotension (from salt wasting), weight
loss, and hyperpigmentation (from elevated ACTH cross-reacting with
melanocortin receptors). Hypoglycemia is common due to deficient
gluconeogenesis, not hyperglycemia.
---
2. Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
A. Thyroid dysfunction
B. Pituitary dysfunction
C. Adrenal gland dysfunction
D. Pancreatic dysfunction
Correct Answer: C. Adrenal gland dysfunction
Rationale:
,Addison’s disease primarily arises from destruction or dysfunction of the
adrenal cortex, leading to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency.
This differentiates it from secondary adrenal insufficiency (pituitary) or
disorders of other endocrine glands.
---
3. T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a
target organ.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale:
By definition, endocrine hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream
and exert their effects on distant target organs, distinguishing them from
paracrine (local) and autocrine (self-targeted) signaling.
4. What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids?:
A. Addison’s
B. Cushing’s
C. Myxedema
D. Graves’
Correct Answer: B. Cushing’s
Rationale:
Cushing’s syndrome arises from chronic exposure to excessive
glucocorticoids, including increased endogenous production by the adrenal
cortex or exogenous administration. This contrasts with Addison’s disease,
which involves adrenal insufficiency leading to low glucocorticoid levels.
, Myxedema and Graves’ disease pertain to thyroid pathologies, not
glucocorticoid disorders.
---
5. The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing
syndrome EXCEPT:
A. Central obesity
B. Buffalo hump
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Moon facies
Correct Answer: C. Hypoglycemia
Rationale:
Cushing syndrome typically causes hyperglycemia due to glucocorticoid-
induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis. The classic
features — central obesity, dorsocervical fat pad (“buffalo hump”), and
rounded facial appearance (“moon facies”) — are due to altered fat
metabolism. Hypoglycemia is not a feature; if present, it would be atypical.
---
6. T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action
on the cells that produced it.
Correct Answer: False
Rationale:
Paracrine signaling involves hormone action on neighboring cells, not the
secretory cell itself. Autocrine signaling occurs when the hormone acts on the
cell that synthesized it.
MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 1.................................................................................................................2
MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 2...............................................................................................................14
MODULE 9 EXAM STUDY GUIDE........................................................................................................23
, MODULE 9 EXAM VERION 1
1. Signs and symptoms of Addison's disease include each of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Hyperpigmentation
B. Hypotension
C. Weight loss
D. Hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: D. Hyperglycemia
Rationale:
Addison’s disease is a chronic adrenal insufficiency leading to decreased
cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in hypotension (from salt wasting), weight
loss, and hyperpigmentation (from elevated ACTH cross-reacting with
melanocortin receptors). Hypoglycemia is common due to deficient
gluconeogenesis, not hyperglycemia.
---
2. Addison's disease is due to which of the following:
A. Thyroid dysfunction
B. Pituitary dysfunction
C. Adrenal gland dysfunction
D. Pancreatic dysfunction
Correct Answer: C. Adrenal gland dysfunction
Rationale:
,Addison’s disease primarily arises from destruction or dysfunction of the
adrenal cortex, leading to glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency.
This differentiates it from secondary adrenal insufficiency (pituitary) or
disorders of other endocrine glands.
---
3. T/F: An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a
target organ.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale:
By definition, endocrine hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream
and exert their effects on distant target organs, distinguishing them from
paracrine (local) and autocrine (self-targeted) signaling.
4. What syndrome has an increased production of glucocorticoids?:
A. Addison’s
B. Cushing’s
C. Myxedema
D. Graves’
Correct Answer: B. Cushing’s
Rationale:
Cushing’s syndrome arises from chronic exposure to excessive
glucocorticoids, including increased endogenous production by the adrenal
cortex or exogenous administration. This contrasts with Addison’s disease,
which involves adrenal insufficiency leading to low glucocorticoid levels.
, Myxedema and Graves’ disease pertain to thyroid pathologies, not
glucocorticoid disorders.
---
5. The following are common signs and symptoms of Cushing
syndrome EXCEPT:
A. Central obesity
B. Buffalo hump
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Moon facies
Correct Answer: C. Hypoglycemia
Rationale:
Cushing syndrome typically causes hyperglycemia due to glucocorticoid-
induced insulin resistance and increased gluconeogenesis. The classic
features — central obesity, dorsocervical fat pad (“buffalo hump”), and
rounded facial appearance (“moon facies”) — are due to altered fat
metabolism. Hypoglycemia is not a feature; if present, it would be atypical.
---
6. T/F: A paracrine action occurs when a hormone exerts an action
on the cells that produced it.
Correct Answer: False
Rationale:
Paracrine signaling involves hormone action on neighboring cells, not the
secretory cell itself. Autocrine signaling occurs when the hormone acts on the
cell that synthesized it.
