High-Yield OB & Pregnancy Complications: Ectopic Pregnancy, Placenta Previa, Abruptio Placenta, Hypovolemic Shock, DIC, Preeclampsia, Chronic HTN, Eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Rh Incompatibility, ABO Incompatibility, PROM/PPROM, Preterm Birth, IUGR, Transie

High-Yield OB & Pregnancy Complications: Ectopic Pregnancy, Placenta Previa, Abruptio Placenta, Hypovolemic Shock, DIC, Preeclampsia, Chronic HTN, Eclampsia, HELLP Syndrome, Rh Incompatibility, ABO Incompatibility, PROM/PPROM, Preterm Birth, IUGR, Transient Tachypnea, Meconium Aspiration, Magnesium Sulfate, Blood Transfusion, Morphine IV Push, Maternal-Fetal Assessment, CNS/Cardiovascular/Pulmonary/GI/GU/Fetal Monitoring, Seizure Precautions, Neonatal Thermoregulation & Nutrition Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Ectopic Pregnancy Implantation of fertilized ovum outside of the uterus. Causes: IUD, previous hx, crohns, STD's,IVF,Infertility, Multiple abortions. highly vascularized area, when ruptures it is very heavy bleeding. Clinical Manifestations: Missed menstrual period,positive pregnancy test, abdominal pain, vaginal spotting.Poss. elevated HR, low BP,possible scapular pain can be sign of rupture. Tx: Large bore IV (2), Normal saline, Blood, CBC. Placenta Previa Placenta attaches to the lower uterine segment Total, partial, marginal. 3per 1000 births. Cocaine use, scarring, abdominal trauma, HTN, multiple pregnancies. Abruptio Placenta Premature separation of the placenta from the decidual lining of the uterus. higher risk of fetal mortality incidence is less. High resting tone of uterus, extremely painful. Clinical presentation: Severe pain, bleeding, check fetal heart tones(priority assessment), check mom next, Determine amount of bleeding , 1 GM = 1 ml of blood. Totally saturated chucks pad = 500 mls Late decels, decreased variability on fetal heart monitor. Cocaine use, scarring, abdominal trauma, HTN, multiple pregnancies. #1 cause is abuse! Hypovolemic shock in pregnant woman higher blood volume= lose more blood before symptoms show, fibrinogen is higher in blood . (normal is up to 400 for pregnant woman) s/sx: losing hgb and oxygen carrying capacity, MAP decreased tells you how much pressure is needed to perfuse organs, normal MAP = 60-100. Stimulates: Baroreceptors, SNS, Release catecholemines(epi norepi), widespread vasoconstrictions, Aerobic and anaerobic cellular metabolisms VERY FIRST THING YOU WILL SEE IS INCREASED HR. INCREASED RESPIRATIONS to compensate for low O2. IF continues to worsen: Renin--aldosterone--retain water and salt---pituitary---ADH= retaining more water---epi and nor epi. Shunting blood to vital organs... S/Sx:Anxiety, restlessness, Impending doom, decreased bp , decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses, pallor, cool extremities, low H&H, electrolyte changes, ACIDOTIC ABG's. WORSENS: decreased LOC, decreased perfusion to vital organs, HR goes down BP continues to decrease, more pallor, MODS, RESPIRATIONS DECREASE DIC: Disseminating Intravascular Coagulation petechiae, little clots Tx: blood products, anticoagulants,coagulation inhibitors, strict monitoring. CLOTTING PROCESS GOES INTO OVERDRIVE Labs: d-dimer, cbc, ABG, Prothombin, platelets, hgb, ptt , fibrinogen, S/Sx: petechiae, shock, Complications: Thrombus formation, MODS, intrarcranial hemorrhage and MI, microemboli why ddimer and fibrinogen , bleeding and clotting at the same time. TX: Anticoagulants, blood products. Preeclampsia: After 20 weeks. Lebatolol usually used,, do not use ACE inihibitors. Proteinuria, last half of pregnancy. Risk factors: more coming in first pregnancy, DM, multilple gestations, Family hx, NEw baby with new partner. Trophoblastic disease. Problem is with the placenta, pt's develop resistance to angiotensin 2. Immune adaption SIA gene abundance in placenta, something goes wrong with the gene doesn't recognize self anymore. Generalized vasospasm and endothelial damage occurs; Increased thromboxane/prostacyclin ration=vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Increased sensitivity to angiotensin 11= vasoconstriction retain water, sodium Increased endothelin= constriction of bv's, HTN LOTS OF EDEMA. S/SX: gaining too much weight= 1 lb a week equals norm. Chronic HTN HTN occuring before pregnancy before 20 weeks. or= Ecclampsia Extension of severe preeclampsia marked by one or more seizures S/sx: facial twitching,ridgidity of the body,tonic clonic movements,breating stops,transient fetal heart rate patterns such as brady cardia, loss of variability, or late decels , fetal tachy may occur as fetus compensating for period of maternal apnea,woman's bf severely reduced, poor placental perfusion,Renal blood flow is severely impaired, oliguria, cerebral hemorrhage TX: lung sounds auscultated in case of pulmonary edema, pulse ox,admin of O2 via face mask at 8-10 L/ min. Seizures precautions: seizure pads, high side rails,wheels locked,oxygen and suction, preeclampsia tray, remain with the patient, attempt to put pt in side lying, time the seizure, TX: Mag sulfate drug of choice Rh incompatability Possible if two specific circum: 1.) mother is Rh- 2.) fetus is Rh+.When blood from a person who is Rh+ enters the blo