HOSA EPIDEMIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Answer: A mathematical quantity that
describes the severity of a disease; usually applied to acute diseases. It is
the proportion of persons diagnosed with a disease who actually die
from the disease during the period of observation.
◉ CFR Formula. Answer: # dying from disease Y in population P
--------------------------------
# with disease Y in population P
◉ Comparison of Rates. Answer: A measure of incidence or occurrence
of a disease in a population.
◉ Rate Difference Formula. Answer: (rate of disease Y among those
exposed to X) - (rate of disease Y among those NOT exposed to X)
◉ Relative Risk Formula. Answer: Rate of Y among those exposed to X
----------------------------------
Rate of Y among those NOT exposed to X
, ◉ Incidence Formula. Answer: # develop disease Y in pop. P in time T
--------------------------------
# in pop. P
◉ Precision. Answer: Refers to the degree to which there is variation in
a measurement.
◉ Accuracy. Answer: Refers to the degree to which the measurement is,
on average, correct.
◉ Population Controls. Answer: Serve as the references against which
cases are compared.
◉ Mortality. Answer: Refers to death; death rates.
◉ Morbidity. Answer: used to refer to illness; rates of illness.
◉ Exposure. Answer: Generic term for the effective presence of any
agent or factor that is thought to cause a disease.
Ex: toxic chemical, dietary habits, activity levels, microorganisms.
◉ Endemic. Answer: Baseline incidence rate in a pop; at ay point in
time, people are acquiring a given disease in the pop.
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Answer: A mathematical quantity that
describes the severity of a disease; usually applied to acute diseases. It is
the proportion of persons diagnosed with a disease who actually die
from the disease during the period of observation.
◉ CFR Formula. Answer: # dying from disease Y in population P
--------------------------------
# with disease Y in population P
◉ Comparison of Rates. Answer: A measure of incidence or occurrence
of a disease in a population.
◉ Rate Difference Formula. Answer: (rate of disease Y among those
exposed to X) - (rate of disease Y among those NOT exposed to X)
◉ Relative Risk Formula. Answer: Rate of Y among those exposed to X
----------------------------------
Rate of Y among those NOT exposed to X
, ◉ Incidence Formula. Answer: # develop disease Y in pop. P in time T
--------------------------------
# in pop. P
◉ Precision. Answer: Refers to the degree to which there is variation in
a measurement.
◉ Accuracy. Answer: Refers to the degree to which the measurement is,
on average, correct.
◉ Population Controls. Answer: Serve as the references against which
cases are compared.
◉ Mortality. Answer: Refers to death; death rates.
◉ Morbidity. Answer: used to refer to illness; rates of illness.
◉ Exposure. Answer: Generic term for the effective presence of any
agent or factor that is thought to cause a disease.
Ex: toxic chemical, dietary habits, activity levels, microorganisms.
◉ Endemic. Answer: Baseline incidence rate in a pop; at ay point in
time, people are acquiring a given disease in the pop.
