HONDROS NUR 160 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Intake must equal output to maintain what? Answer: Homeostasis
◉ Fluid intake is regulated by what mechanism? Answer: Thirst
Mechanism
◉ Name the receptors in the hypothalamus that measures the
concentration of blood that can signal the sensation of thirst. Answer:
Osmoreceptors
◉ What is the daily intake and output of water? Answer: 2500 mL
◉ A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too
low. Answer: Hypovolemia
◉ A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too
high. Answer: Hypervolemia
,◉ Decreased blood pressure and an increased heart rate is a sign of what
fluid imbalance? Answer: Hypovolemia
◉ High blood pressure, edema, skin weeping, and an increased heart
rate are signs of what fluid imbalance? Answer: Hypervolemia
◉ Fluid within cells. Answer: intracellular
◉ Fluid outside cells. Answer: extracellular
◉ Fluid within blood vessels. Answer: intravascular
◉ Fluid in tissues (between cells or in body spaces). Answer: Interstitial
◉ Plasma is an example of what type of fluid? Answer: Intravascular
◉ Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, gastrointestinal
secretions, urine, perspiration, and exudates are examples of what type
of fluid? Answer: Interstitial
◉ A substance that develops a electrical charge when it dissolves in
water. Answer: Electrolyte
,◉ 1 liter of fluid equals how many kilograms? Answer: 1 kg
◉ 1 liter of fluid equals how many pounds? Answer: 2.2 lbs
◉ Urine specific gravity measures what? Answer: Urine concentration
◉ A urine specific gravity MORE THAN 1.030 would indicate what two
things? Answer: Concentrated Urine and Dehydration
◉ A urine specific gravity of LESS THAN 1.003 - 1.000 would indicate
what two things? Answer: Diluted Urine and Overhydration
◉ What organs play a vital role in fluid balance? Answer: Kidneys
◉ What does GFR stand for? Answer: glomerular filtration rate
◉ The rate at which the nephrons of the kidneys filter blood is called
what? Answer: glomerular filtration rate
◉ What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per minute?
Answer: 125 mL/min
, ◉ What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per day? Answer:
180 L/day
◉ What is the normal output of urine per day? Answer: 1-2 Liters/Day
◉ Urine, feces, vomiting, and wound drainage is what type of fluid loss?
Answer: Sensible
◉ Perspiration and expiration are what type of fluid loss? Answer:
Insensible
◉ Is sensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? Answer:
measurable
◉ Is insensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? Answer:
Immeasurable
◉ Name the two fluid compartments. Answer: Intracellular and
extracellular
◉ Name the type of fluid that contains large amounts of oxygen, carbon
dioxide, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, sodium, calcium, chloride,
and bicarbonate. Answer: Extracellular
2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+
◉ Intake must equal output to maintain what? Answer: Homeostasis
◉ Fluid intake is regulated by what mechanism? Answer: Thirst
Mechanism
◉ Name the receptors in the hypothalamus that measures the
concentration of blood that can signal the sensation of thirst. Answer:
Osmoreceptors
◉ What is the daily intake and output of water? Answer: 2500 mL
◉ A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too
low. Answer: Hypovolemia
◉ A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too
high. Answer: Hypervolemia
,◉ Decreased blood pressure and an increased heart rate is a sign of what
fluid imbalance? Answer: Hypovolemia
◉ High blood pressure, edema, skin weeping, and an increased heart
rate are signs of what fluid imbalance? Answer: Hypervolemia
◉ Fluid within cells. Answer: intracellular
◉ Fluid outside cells. Answer: extracellular
◉ Fluid within blood vessels. Answer: intravascular
◉ Fluid in tissues (between cells or in body spaces). Answer: Interstitial
◉ Plasma is an example of what type of fluid? Answer: Intravascular
◉ Lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, gastrointestinal
secretions, urine, perspiration, and exudates are examples of what type
of fluid? Answer: Interstitial
◉ A substance that develops a electrical charge when it dissolves in
water. Answer: Electrolyte
,◉ 1 liter of fluid equals how many kilograms? Answer: 1 kg
◉ 1 liter of fluid equals how many pounds? Answer: 2.2 lbs
◉ Urine specific gravity measures what? Answer: Urine concentration
◉ A urine specific gravity MORE THAN 1.030 would indicate what two
things? Answer: Concentrated Urine and Dehydration
◉ A urine specific gravity of LESS THAN 1.003 - 1.000 would indicate
what two things? Answer: Diluted Urine and Overhydration
◉ What organs play a vital role in fluid balance? Answer: Kidneys
◉ What does GFR stand for? Answer: glomerular filtration rate
◉ The rate at which the nephrons of the kidneys filter blood is called
what? Answer: glomerular filtration rate
◉ What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per minute?
Answer: 125 mL/min
, ◉ What is the Normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) per day? Answer:
180 L/day
◉ What is the normal output of urine per day? Answer: 1-2 Liters/Day
◉ Urine, feces, vomiting, and wound drainage is what type of fluid loss?
Answer: Sensible
◉ Perspiration and expiration are what type of fluid loss? Answer:
Insensible
◉ Is sensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? Answer:
measurable
◉ Is insensible fluid loss measurable or immeasurable? Answer:
Immeasurable
◉ Name the two fluid compartments. Answer: Intracellular and
extracellular
◉ Name the type of fluid that contains large amounts of oxygen, carbon
dioxide, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, sodium, calcium, chloride,
and bicarbonate. Answer: Extracellular
