NSG-300 Exam 4 STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+ WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026

NSG-300 Exam 4 STUDY GUIDE GRADED A+ WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED VERSION 2026 Alternative family relationships - Answer ️include multi-adult households, "skip-generation" families (grandparents caring for grandchildren), communal groups with children, "nonfamilies" (adults living alone), cohabitating partners, and homosexual couples. five trends as threats or concerns facing families - Answer ️(1) changing economic status, (2) homelessness, (3) domestic violence, (4) the presence of acute or chronic illnesses or trauma, and (5) end-of-life care. McGoldrick and Carter family life cycle - Answer ️Unattached young adult Joining of families through marriage Family with young children Family with adolescents Family with young adults Family without children Family later in life The five areas of family life to include in an assessment are - Answer ️the interactive, developmental, coping, integrity, and health processes of the family. Autonomy - Answer ️Commitment to include patients in decisions Beneficence - Answer ️Taking positive actions to help others Nonmaleficence - Answer ️Avoidance of harm or hurt Justice - Answer ️Being fair Family diversity - Answer ️Uniqueness of each family unit Deontology - Answer ️Defines actions as right or wrong Utilitarianism - Answer ️Proposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness Feminist Ethics - Answer ️Focuses on the inequality between people Fidelity - Answer ️Agreement to keep promises Casuistry - Answer ️Case-based reasoning Steps for processing an ethical dilemma - Answer ️Step 1: Ask if this is an ethical dilemma. Step 2: Gather all relevant information. Step 3: Clarify values. Step 4: Verbalize the problem. Step 5: Identify possible courses of action. Step 6: Negotiate the outcome. Step 7: Evaluate the action. The Joint Commission (TJC) (2014) requires - Answer ️accredited hospitals to have written nursing policies and procedures. These internal standards of care are specific to the agency and need to be accessible on all nursing units. Nurse Practice Acts define - Answer ️the scope of nursing practice, distinguishing between nursing and medical practice and establishing education and licensure requirements for nurses. The American Nurses Association (ANA) (2010) develops - Answer ️standards for nursing practice, policy statements, and similar resolutions. These standards outline the scope, function, and role of the nurse in practice. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) - Answer ️Consumer rights and protections Affordable health care coverage Increased access to care Stronger Medicare to improve care for those most vulnerable in our society Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - Answer ️Protects rights of people with physical or mental disabilities Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act - Answer ️When a patient presents to an emergency department, they must be treated Ethics of Care - Answer ️Emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships, especially as they are revealed in personal narratives The Uniform Determination of Death Act of 1980 states - Answer ️health care providers can use the cardiopulmonary definition or the whole brain definition to determine death. The cardiopulmonary standard requires irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions. The whole-brain standard requires irreversible cessation of all function of the entire brain, including the brainstem. These two definitions facilitate the recovery of organs for transplantation. The Oregon Death With Dignity Act (1994) - Answer ️was the first statute that permitted physician-assisted suicide. tort - Answer ️a civil wrong made against a person or property. They are classified as intentional, quasi-intentional, or unintentional. Intentional torts - Answer ️are willful acts that violate another's rights. These include assault, battery, and false imprisonment. Assault - Answer ️an intentional threat toward another person that places the person in reasonable fear of harmful, imminent, or unwelcome contact. No actual contact is required for an assault to occur. Battery - Answer ️is any intentional offensive touching without consent or lawful justification. The contact can be harmful to the patient and cause an injury, or it merely can be offensive to the patient's personal dignity. Battery also results if the health care provider performs a procedure that goes beyond the scope of the patient's consent. The tort of false imprisonment - Answer ️occurs with unjustified restraint of a person without a legal reason. This occurs when nurses restrain a patient in a confined area to keep the person from freedom. False imprisonment requires that the patient be aware of the confinement. Quasi-intentional torts - Answer ️Invasion of privacy Defamation of character (Slander, Libel) Unintentional torts - Answer ️Negligence Malpractice invasion of privacy - Answer ️the release of a patient's medical information to an unauthorized person such as a member of the press, the patient's employer, the patient's family, or online Defamation of character - Answer ️the publication of false statements that result in damage to a person's reputation. Slander - Answer ️when one speaks falsely about another. Mental Health Parity Act as Enacted Under PPACA - Answer ️Strengthens mental health services Negligence - Answer ️conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard of care of a reasonably prudent person. Malpractice - Answer ️is one type of negligence and often referred to as professional negligence. 1973 Roe v. Wade - Answer ️U.S. Supreme Court ruled that there is a fundamental right to privacy, which includes a woman's right to have an abortion. 1989 Webster v. Reproductive Health Services - Answer ️Some states require viability tests if the fetus is more than 28 weeks' gestational age. during the first trimester (Roe v Wade) - Answer ️a woman could end her pregnancy without state regulation because the risk of natural mortality from abortion is less than with normal childbirth. During the second trimester (Roe v Wade) - Answer ️the state has an interest in protecting maternal health, and the state enforces regulations regarding the person performing the abortion and the abortion facility. By the third trimester (Roe v Wade) - Answer ️when the fetus becomes viable, the state's interest is to protect the fetus; thus, the state prohibits abortion except when necessary to save the mother. Risk Management and Quality Assurance steps - Answer ️Identify possible risks Analyze risks Act to reduce risks Evaluate steps taken maturational loss - Answer ️a form of necessary loss and includes all normally expected life changes across the life span situational loss - Answer ️brought about by Sudden, unpredictable external events actual loss - Answer ️occurs when a person can no longer feel, hear, see, or know a person or object. perceived loss - Answer ️is uniquely defined by the person experiencing the loss and is less obvious to other people. Normal Grief (Uncomplicated) - Answer ️common, universal reaction characterized by complex emotional, cognitive, social, physical, behavioral, and spiritual responses to loss and death. anticipatory grief - Answer ️grief experienced prior to a loss disenfranchised grief - Answer ️the emotion surrounding a loss that others do not support, share, or understand complicated grief - Answer ️a person has a prolonged or significantly difficult time moving forward after a loss